Kneale G W, Stewart A M
Br J Cancer. 1977 Oct;36(4):501-10. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1977.220.
A modified Mantel-Haenszel analysis of data from the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers has shown that cases associated with foetal irradiation (X-rayed cases) accounted for a higher proportion of deaths between 5 and 10 years than of earlier or later deaths. This finding is compatible with somewhat later origins for the cancers actually caused by the radiation exposures (radiogenic cases) than for other (idiopathic) cases which proved fatal before 10 years of age. Therefore the usual time for incurring congenital anomalies (or the first trimester of foetal life) could be the commonest time for initiating childhood cancers. The theoretical implications of this and other findings of the Oxford Survey are discussed within the framework of a theory which assumes that all mutant cells have cancer potentialities and that defects in the immune surveillance mechanism favour multiplication of these cells (or endogenous sources of self-replicating foreign proteins) as well as live pathogens (or exogenous sources of self-replicating foreign proteins).
对牛津儿童癌症调查数据进行的改良Mantel-Haenszel分析表明，与胎儿受辐射相关的病例（接受过X光照射的病例）在5至10岁死亡病例中所占比例高于早期或晚期死亡病例。这一发现与辐射暴露实际导致的癌症（辐射致癌病例）起源时间比其他在10岁前致命的（特发性）病例稍晚相符。因此，引发先天性异常的常见时间（或胎儿生命的头三个月）可能是引发儿童癌症最常见的时间。在一种理论框架内讨论了牛津调查的这一发现及其他发现的理论意义，该理论假定所有突变细胞都有癌变潜力，免疫监视机制的缺陷有利于这些细胞（或自我复制外来蛋白质的内源性来源）以及活病原体（或自我复制外来蛋白质的外源性来源）的增殖。
