Furness J B, Li Z S, Young H M, Förstermann U
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Cell Tissue Res. 1994 Jul;277(1):139-49. doi: 10.1007/BF00303090.
The distribution and abundance of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons and their terminals in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig were examined in detail using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunohistochemistry. NOS-containing cell bodies were found in the myenteric plexus throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the submucous plexus of the stomach, colon and rectum. NOS-containing neurons comprised between 12% (in the duodenum) and 54% (in the esophagus) of total myenteric neurons. In the ileum, NOS neurons represented 19% of total myenteric neurons. Most of the NOS neurons throughout the gastrointestinal tract possessed lamellar dendrites and a single axon. NOS-containing terminals were abundant in the circular muscle, including that of the sphincters, but were rare in the longitudinal muscle, except for the taeniae of the caecum. The muscularis mucosae of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum received a medium to dense innervation by NOS terminals. Within myenteric ganglia, NOS-containing terminals were extremely sparse in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, common in the ileum and distal colon and extremely dense in the proximal colon and rectum. The submucous plexus in the ileum and large intestine contained a sparse plexus of NOS-containing terminals. NOS terminals were not observed in the mucosa of any region. We conclude that throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig, NOS neurons are inhibitory motor neurons to the circular muscle; in the ileum and large intestine, NOS neurons may also function as interneurons.
利用NADPH黄递酶组织化学和一氧化氮合酶免疫组织化学方法，详细研究了豚鼠胃肠道中含一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的神经元及其终末的分布和数量。在整个胃肠道的肌间神经丛以及胃、结肠和直肠的黏膜下神经丛中发现了含NOS的细胞体。含NOS的神经元占肌间神经丛神经元总数的12%（十二指肠）至54%（食管）。在回肠，NOS神经元占肌间神经丛神经元总数的19%。整个胃肠道的大多数NOS神经元具有板层状树突和单个轴突。含NOS的终末在环形肌中丰富，包括括约肌的环形肌，但在纵行肌中很少，除了盲肠带。食管、胃、结肠和直肠的黏膜肌层接受NOS终末的中等至密集支配。在肌间神经节内，含NOS的终末在食管、胃和十二指肠中极其稀少，在回肠和远端结肠中常见，在近端结肠和直肠中极其密集。回肠和大肠的黏膜下神经丛含有稀疏的含NOS终末丛。在任何区域的黏膜中均未观察到NOS终末。我们得出结论，在豚鼠的整个胃肠道中，NOS神经元是环形肌的抑制性运动神经元；在回肠和大肠中，NOS神经元也可能作为中间神经元发挥作用。
