Haas J D, Martinez E J, Murdoch S, Conlisk E, Rivera J A, Martorell R
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853-6301, USA.
J Nutr. 1995 Apr;125(4 Suppl):1078S-1089S. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_4.1078S.
A follow-up study (1988-89) was carried out in 364 rural Guatemalans, 11-27 y of age, who earlier had participated in a nutritional supplementation experiment. Among its objectives was the assessment of the long-term effects of the nutrition intervention on physical work capacity. Subjects and their mothers from two villages had available a high-energy, high-protein supplement (Atole: 163 kcal/682 kJ and 6.4 g protein per serving or 180 mL), whereas in two other villages a low-energy, no-protein supplement (Fresco: 59 kcal/247 kJ per 180 mL) was provided. Consumption was ad libitum. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) at follow-up was significantly greater in Atole compared with Fresco subjects of both sexes. In subjects 14-19 y, exposed to supplementation throughout gestation and the first 3 y of life, Atole males had a significantly higher VO2max (2.62 L/min) than Fresco males (2.24 L/min), the differences remaining significant even after controlling for body weight and fat-free mass; also, there was a significant positive relationship between amount of supplement consumed and VO2max. The supplementation effect in females of similar age was not statistically significant. It is concluded that early nutritional improvements can have long-lasting effects on physical performance.
一项随访研究（1988 - 1989年）在364名年龄在11至27岁的危地马拉农村居民中开展，这些人此前参与了一项营养补充实验。其目标之一是评估营养干预对体力工作能力的长期影响。来自两个村庄的受试者及其母亲可获得一种高能量、高蛋白补充剂（阿托尔：每份163千卡/682千焦，含6.4克蛋白质或180毫升），而另外两个村庄提供的是低能量、无蛋白质补充剂（弗雷斯克：每180毫升含59千卡/247千焦）。可随意食用。随访时，阿托尔组男女的最大摄氧量（VO2max）均显著高于弗雷斯克组。在14至19岁的受试者中，在整个孕期及生命的头3年都接受补充剂干预，阿托尔组男性的VO2max（2.62升/分钟）显著高于弗雷斯克组男性（2.24升/分钟），即使在控制体重和去脂体重后，差异仍显著；此外，补充剂摄入量与VO2max之间存在显著正相关。类似年龄女性的补充剂效果无统计学意义。研究得出结论，早期营养改善可对身体机能产生持久影响。
