Horn F, Martus P, Korth M
DFG Klinische Forschergruppe Glaukome (Na 55/6-2), Augenklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Ger J Ophthalmol. 1995 Mar;4(2):97-102.
Contrast sensitivity (CS) is reduced in glaucoma diseases. This study compares the value of different CS measurements in glaucoma diagnosis. The study population consisted of age-matched groups of 31 normal subjects (age, 36-59 years; median, 47 years; mean +/- SD, 47.4 +/- 7 years) and 59 glaucoma patients with optic disk damage and visual field defects (age, 36-63 years; median, 53 years; mean +/- SD, 52.3 +/- 7 years). Three types of CS determination were carried out in all subjects: (1) temporal CS of a sinusoidally flickering light (37 Hz) in a ganzfeld bowl, (2) spatiotemporal CS (alternating pattern: 2.5 Hz, 1 cycle/degree; screen size, 5.3 degrees x 4.3 degrees) in a temporal upper retinal area (13.8 degrees horizontal, 4.2 degrees vertical), and (3) spatial CS of a static pattern (three spatial frequencies: 0.6, 3.0, and 12 cycles/degree; screen size, 5.3 degrees x 4.3 degrees) with central fixation. In glaucoma patients the results of CS tests with flickering stimuli were highly significantly correlated with the perimetric mean sensitivity (MS; Octopus G1 program: temporal CS, r = 0.67, P < 0.001; spatiotemporal CS, r = 0.8, P < 0.001). For spatial CS the frequency of 3.0 cycles/degree showed the strongest correlation with MS (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Only the peripherally localized, spatiotemporal CS showed a strong correlation with optic disk damage (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). On the other hand, the full-field flicker test achieved the best separation between normal subjects and glaucoma patients (specificity, 90%; sensitivity, 71%). These results indicate that tests for temporal resolution are more sensitive to glaucoma defects than are tests for spatial resolution.
青光眼疾病中对比敏感度（CS）会降低。本研究比较了不同CS测量值在青光眼诊断中的价值。研究人群包括年龄匹配的两组：31名正常受试者（年龄36 - 59岁；中位数47岁；平均±标准差，47.4±7岁）和59名患有视盘损害和视野缺损的青光眼患者（年龄36 - 63岁；中位数53岁；平均±标准差，52.3±7岁）。对所有受试者进行了三种类型的CS测定：（1）在全视野碗中对正弦闪烁光（37Hz）的颞侧CS；（2）在颞侧上方视网膜区域（水平13.8度，垂直4.2度）对时空CS（交替模式：2.5Hz，1周期/度；屏幕尺寸5.3度×4.3度）；（3）对具有中央注视的静态模式（三个空间频率：0.6、3.0和12周期/度；屏幕尺寸5.3度×4.3度）的空间CS。在青光眼患者中，闪烁刺激的CS测试结果与视野平均敏感度（MS；Octopus G1程序：颞侧CS，r = 0.67，P < 0.001；时空CS，r = 0.8，P < 0.001）高度显著相关。对于空间CS，3.0周期/度的频率与MS的相关性最强（r = 0.64，P < 0.001）。仅周边定位的时空CS与视盘损害有很强的相关性（r = 0.59，P < 0.001）。另一方面，全视野闪烁测试在正常受试者和青光眼患者之间实现了最佳区分（特异性90%；敏感度71%）。这些结果表明，时间分辨率测试对青光眼缺陷比空间分辨率测试更敏感。
