输血相关细菌性败血症
Transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis.
作者信息
Wagner S J, Friedman L I, Dodd R Y
机构信息
Product Development Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross Blood Services, Rockville, Maryland 20855.
出版信息
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1994 Jul;7(3):290-302. doi: 10.1128/CMR.7.3.290.
The incidence of sepsis caused by transfusion of bacterially contaminated blood components is similar to or less than that of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis C virus infection, yet significantly exceeds those currently estimated for transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B viruses. Outcomes are serious and may be fatal. In addition, transfusion of sterile allogenic blood can have generalized immunosuppressive effects on recipients, resulting in increased susceptibility to postoperative infection. This review examines the frequency of occurrence of transfusion-associated sepsis, the organisms implicated, and potential sources of bacteria. Approaches to minimize the frequency of sepsis are discussed, including the benefits and disadvantages of altering the storage conditions for blood. In addition, the impact of high levels of bacteria on the gross characteristics of erythrocyte and platelet concentrates is described. The potentials and limitations of current tests for detecting bacteria in blood are also discussed.
输注受细菌污染的血液成分所致败血症的发生率与输血传播丙型肝炎病毒感染的发生率相近或更低，但显著超过目前对输血相关人类免疫缺陷病毒和乙型肝炎病毒感染的估计发生率。其后果严重，可能致命。此外，输注无菌异体血可对受血者产生全身性免疫抑制作用，导致术后感染易感性增加。本文综述探讨了输血相关败血症的发生频率、相关病原体以及细菌的潜在来源。讨论了将败血症发生频率降至最低的方法，包括改变血液储存条件的利弊。此外，还描述了高细菌水平对红细胞和血小板浓缩物总体特征的影响。还讨论了当前血液细菌检测方法的潜力和局限性。
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