Tomoda M, Hirabayashi K, Shimizu N, Gonda R, Ohara N, Takada K
Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
Biol Pharm Bull. 1993 Nov;16(11):1087-90. doi: 10.1248/bpb.16.1087.
Two acidic polysaccharides, called ginsenan S-IA and ginsenan S-IIA, were isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and their molecular masses were estimated to be 5.6 x 10(4) and 1.0 x 10(5), respectively. Ginsenan S-IA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 8:8:1, and ginsenan S-IIA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 15:10:2:5, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups. About a half (ginsenan S-IA) and about a quarter (ginsenan S-IIA) of the hexuronic acid residues exist as methyl esters. Reduction of carboxyl groups, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated that their structural features include mainly alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan type structural units. Both polysaccharides showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test and pronounced anti-complementary activity. These substances are the first examples having a relatively high content of both alpha-3,5-branched L-arabinose and beta-1,4-linked D-galactose units among the acidic arabinogalactans with activities on phagocytosis and anti-complement.
从人参（Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer）根部分离出两种酸性多糖，分别称为人参聚糖S-IA和人参聚糖S-IIA。它们在电泳和凝胶色谱上均呈均一性，其分子量估计分别为5.6×10⁴和1.0×10⁵。人参聚糖S-IA由L-阿拉伯糖、D-半乳糖、D-半乳糖醛酸以摩尔比8:8:1组成，人参聚糖S-IIA由L-阿拉伯糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖醛酸以摩尔比15:10:2:5组成，此外还含有少量的O-乙酰基。大约一半（人参聚糖S-IA）和大约四分之一（人参聚糖S-IIA）的己糖醛酸残基以甲酯形式存在。羧基还原、甲基化分析、核磁共振和高碘酸盐氧化研究表明，它们的结构特征主要包括α-1,5连接的L-阿拉伯糖-β-3,6分支的D-半乳聚糖型结构单元。两种多糖在碳清除试验中均表现出显著的网状内皮系统增强活性和明显的抗补体活性。这些物质是在具有吞噬作用和抗补体活性的酸性阿拉伯半乳聚糖中，首次出现α-3,5分支的L-阿拉伯糖和β-1,4连接的D-半乳糖单元含量相对较高的例子。
