Kapperud G, Skjerve E, Vik L, Hauge K, Lysaker A, Aalmen I, Ostroff S M, Potter M
National Institute of Public Health, Department of Bacteriology, Oslo, Norway.
Epidemiol Infect. 1993 Oct;111(2):245-55. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800056958.
An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify risk factors related to hygiene and husbandry practices which determine the introduction of Campylobacter spp. into broiler chicken flocks. All 176 broiler farms in an area in southeastern Norway participated in the study. Each farm was represented by one flock selected at random during a one-year period. The flocks were examined for campylobacter colonization at slaughter, and the flock managers were subsequently interviewed about hygiene and husbandry practices. Campylobacter spp. were recovered from 32 (18%) of the flocks. The proportion of colonized flocks varied geographically and seasonally with a peak in the autumn. The following variables were found to be independently associated with an increased risk of campylobacter colonization using logistic regression analysis: (i) feeding the broilers undisinfected water (odds ratio (OR) = 3.42, P = 0.045), (ii) tending other poultry prior to entering the broiler house (OR = 6.43, P = 0.007), (iii) tending pigs before entering the house (OR = 4.86, P = 0.037), (iv) geographic region (Hedmark versus Ostfold county) (OR = 2.91, P = 0.023, (v) season (autumn versus other seasons) (OR = 3.43; P = 0.008). Presence of rats on the farm was associated with an increased risk, but this factor did not reach statistical significance (OR = 3.96, P = 0.083). Preventive measures should include disinfection of drinking water and strict hygienic routines when the farm workers enter the rearing room. The results indicate that disinfection of drinking water is the preventive measure most likely to have the greatest impact on the prevalence of campylobacter among broiler chicken flocks in the study area (population attributable fraction = 0.53).
开展了一项流行病学调查，以确定与卫生和饲养管理措施相关的风险因素，这些因素决定了弯曲杆菌属细菌传入肉鸡群的情况。挪威东南部某地区的176家肉鸡养殖场全部参与了该研究。在一年时间内，每个养殖场随机选取一个鸡群作为代表。在屠宰时对这些鸡群进行弯曲杆菌定植检测，随后对鸡群管理者就卫生和饲养管理措施进行访谈。在32个（18%）鸡群中检测到弯曲杆菌属细菌。定植鸡群的比例随地理位置和季节而变化，秋季达到峰值。使用逻辑回归分析发现，以下变量与弯曲杆菌定植风险增加独立相关：（i）给肉鸡饮用未消毒的水（优势比（OR）=3.42，P=0.045），（ii）在进入肉鸡舍之前照料其他家禽（OR=6.43，P=0.007），（iii）在进入鸡舍之前照料猪（OR=4.86，P=0.037），（iv）地理区域（海德马克郡与东福尔郡）（OR=2.91，P=0.023），（v）季节（秋季与其他季节）（OR=3.43；P=0.008）。农场存在老鼠与风险增加相关，但该因素未达到统计学显著性（OR=3.96，P=0.083）。预防措施应包括饮用水消毒以及农场工人进入饲养室时严格执行卫生程序。结果表明，饮用水消毒是最有可能对研究区域内肉鸡群弯曲杆菌流行率产生最大影响的预防措施（人群归因分数=0.53）。
