Rowland J, Rivara F, Salzberg P, Soderberg R, Maier R, Koepsell T
Washington State Department of Health, Seattle, Wash., USA.
Am J Public Health. 1996 Jan;86(1):41-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.1.41.
The incidence, type, severity, and costs of crash-related injuries requiring hospitalization or resulting in death were compared for helmeted and unhelmeted motorcyclists.
This was a retrospective cohort study of injured motorcyclists in Washington State in 1989. Motorcycle crash data were linked to statewide hospitalization and death data.
The 2090 crashes included in this study resulted in 409 hospitalizations (20%) and 59 fatalities (28%). Although unhelmeted motorcyclists were only slightly more likely to be hospitalized overall, they were more severely injured, nearly three times more likely to have been head injured, and nearly four times more likely to have been severely or critically head injured than helmeted riders. Unhelmeted riders were also more likely to be readmitted to a hospital for follow-up treatment and to die from their injuries. The average hospital stay for unhelmeted motorcyclists was longer, and cost more per case; the cost of hospitalization for unhelmeted motorcyclists was 60% more overall ($3.5 vs $2.2 million).
Helmet use is strongly associated with reduced probability and severity of injury, reduced economic impact, and a reduction in motorcyclist deaths.
比较佩戴头盔和未佩戴头盔的摩托车手因撞车受伤而需要住院治疗或导致死亡的发生率、类型、严重程度及费用。
这是一项对1989年华盛顿州受伤摩托车手的回顾性队列研究。摩托车撞车数据与该州的住院治疗及死亡数据相关联。
本研究纳入的2090起撞车事故导致409人住院（20%）及59人死亡（28%）。尽管总体而言，未佩戴头盔的摩托车手住院的可能性仅略高一点，但他们受伤更严重，头部受伤的可能性几乎是佩戴头盔者的三倍，严重或危急头部受伤的可能性几乎是佩戴头盔者的四倍。未佩戴头盔的骑手也更有可能再次入院接受后续治疗，并因伤死亡。未佩戴头盔的摩托车手的平均住院时间更长，每例费用更高；未佩戴头盔的摩托车手的住院总费用高出60%（350万美元对220万美元）。
佩戴头盔与降低受伤概率和严重程度、减少经济影响以及降低摩托车手死亡率密切相关。
