Hernandez A E, Bates E A, Avila L X
Center for Research in Language, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0526, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1996 Jul;22(4):846-64. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.4.846.
A cross-modal naming paradigm was used to assess within- and between-language sentential priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. The paradigm used single-language auditory texts with visual target words under normal, visually degraded, speeded, and delayed naming conditions. Cross-language priming was always observed when the target language was predictable (in the blocked condition), even under speeded conditions. When the target language was unpredictable (in the mixed condition), cross-language priming was observed only when response was delayed (delayed naming) and under a subset of conditions when word recognition was delayed (visual degradation). Results are compatible with the idea that cross-language priming in a sentence context is more likely to involve the use of expectations, strategic processes, or both that allow bilinguals to tune themselves to external conditions. There are enough exceptions to the general rule, however, to warrant a reconsideration of the lexical-postlexical dichotomy. Implication for modular versus interactive models of lexical access are discussed.
采用跨模态命名范式评估西班牙-英语双语者在语言内和语言间的句子启动效应。该范式在正常、视觉降级、加速和延迟命名条件下，使用带有视觉目标词的单语言听觉文本。当目标语言可预测时（在分组条件下），即使在加速条件下，也总能观察到跨语言启动效应。当目标语言不可预测时（在混合条件下），只有在反应延迟时（延迟命名）以及在单词识别延迟的部分条件下（视觉降级）才会观察到跨语言启动效应。结果与以下观点一致，即在句子语境中的跨语言启动效应更有可能涉及期望、策略性过程或两者的使用，使双语者能够根据外部条件进行自我调整。然而，一般规则存在足够多的例外情况，值得重新考虑词汇后词汇二分法。讨论了对词汇通达的模块化与交互模型的启示。
