Bates E, Devescovi A, Hernandez A, Pizzamiglio L
Center for Research in Language 0526, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0526, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1996 Oct;58(7):992-1004. doi: 10.3758/bf03206827.
The goals of the present study were (1) to determine whether grammatical gender on a noun modifier can prime recognition of the following noun, (2) to determine whether the priming effect involves facilitation, inhibition, or both, and (3) to compare performance across three different tasks that vary in the degree to which explicit attention to gender is required, including word repetition, gender monitoring, and grammaticality judgment. Results showed a clear effect of gender priming, involving both facilitation and inhibition. Priming was observed whether or not the subjects' attention was directed to gender per se. Results suggest that gender priming involves a combination of controlled postlexical processing and automatic prelexical processing. Implications for different models of lexical access are discussed, with special reference to modular versus interactive-activation theories.
（1）确定名词修饰语的语法性是否能启动对后续名词的识别；（2）确定启动效应是涉及促进作用、抑制作用还是两者兼有；（3）比较在三项不同任务中的表现，这三项任务在对性别明确关注的程度上有所不同，包括单词重复、性别监测和语法判断。结果显示出明显的性别启动效应，涉及促进作用和抑制作用。无论受试者的注意力是否直接指向性别本身，均观察到启动效应。结果表明，性别启动涉及受控的词后加工和自动的词前加工的结合。文中讨论了对不同词汇通达模型的启示，特别提及了模块理论与交互激活理论。
