减少向未成年人非法销售香烟：替代执法时间表分析
Reducing the illegal sales of cigarettes to minors: analysis of alternative enforcement schedules.
作者信息
Jason L, Billows W, Schnopp-Wyatt D, King C
机构信息
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1996 Fall;29(3):333-44. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-333.
The majority of adolescent smokers are able to purchase cigarettes even though laws prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors (Radecki & Zdunich, 1993). The present study focused on merchant licensing, civil penalties, and monitoring of merchant behavior. Several different schedules of enforcement in the city of Chicago were evaluated to determine the optimal schedules to reduce the sale of cigarettes to minors in a major metropolitan area. Schedules of 2,4, and 6 months were effective in reducing illegal sales, from 86% to 19%, 87% to 34%, and 87% to 42%, respectively. In a control condition, illegal sales remained high (approximately 84%). Cigarette control laws that regularly enforce civil penalties for tobacco sales violations can successfully reduce minors' access to cigarettes.
尽管法律禁止向未成年人出售香烟，但大多数青少年吸烟者仍能买到香烟（拉德基和兹杜尼奇，1993年）。本研究聚焦于商家许可、民事处罚以及对商家行为的监管。对芝加哥市几种不同的执法时间表进行了评估，以确定在一个主要大都市地区减少向未成年人出售香烟的最佳时间表。2个月、4个月和6个月的时间表在减少非法销售方面均有成效，非法销售率分别从86%降至19%、从87%降至34%、从87%降至42%。在对照条件下，非法销售率依然很高（约84%）。对违反烟草销售规定定期实施民事处罚的香烟控制法律能够成功减少未成年人获得香烟的机会。
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