Shauman K A, Xie Y
Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1382, USA.
Demography. 1996 Nov;33(4):455-68.
Women scientists are much more likely than men scientists to be in two-career marriages. This study examines the argument that the higher prevalence of two-career marriages among women scientists presents a significant impediment to their geographic mobility. Three hypotheses are developed and tested. First, scientists in two-career families are less likely to migrate than scientists in one-career families. Second, the effect of two-career marriages on the probability of migration differs with gender; women are affected more negatively. Third, the effect of children on the probability of migration differs with gender; women are affected more negatively. The empirical work uses a data set of doctoral scientists extracted from the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample from the 1990 census. The first two hypotheses are not confirmed by the empirical results, but we find evidence supporting the third. Family constraints on women scientists' careers generally appear to be weak, but become acute when they have children.
与男性科学家相比，女性科学家更有可能处于双职工婚姻中。本研究探讨了这样一种观点，即女性科学家中双职工婚姻的较高比例对她们的地域流动性构成了重大障碍。提出并检验了三个假设。第一，双职工家庭中的科学家比单职工家庭中的科学家迁移的可能性更小。第二，双职工婚姻对迁移可能性的影响因性别而异；女性受到的负面影响更大。第三，孩子对迁移可能性的影响因性别而异；女性受到的负面影响更大。实证研究使用了从1990年人口普查的5%公共使用微观数据样本中提取的博士科学家数据集。前两个假设未得到实证结果的证实，但我们发现了支持第三个假设的证据。家庭对女性科学家职业的限制总体上似乎较弱，但当她们有孩子时就会变得很严重。
