Sheffert S M
Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant 48859, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1998 Oct;60(7):1141-52. doi: 10.3758/bf03206164.
The present experiments were designed to determine whether memory for the voice in which a word is spoken is retained in a memory system that is separate from episodic memory or, instead, whether episodic memory represents both word and voice information. These two positions were evaluated by assessing the effects of study-to-test changes in voice on recognition memory after a variety of encoding tasks that varied in processing requirements. In three experiments, the subjects studied a list of words produced by six voices. The voice in which the word was spoken during a subsequent explicit recognition test was either the same as or different from the voice used in the study phase. The results showed that word recognition was affected by changes in voice after each encoding condition and that the magnitude of the voice effect was unaffected by the type of encoding task. The results suggest that spoken words are represented in long-term memory as episodic traces that contain talker-specific perceptual information.
目前的实验旨在确定对单词发音声音的记忆是保存在与情景记忆分开的记忆系统中，还是情景记忆同时代表单词和声音信息。通过评估在各种处理要求不同的编码任务后，声音从学习到测试的变化对识别记忆的影响，来对这两种观点进行评估。在三个实验中，受试者学习了由六种声音说出的一系列单词。在随后的明确识别测试中，单词的发音声音与学习阶段使用的声音相同或不同。结果表明，在每种编码条件下，声音变化都会影响单词识别，并且声音效应的大小不受编码任务类型的影响。结果表明，口语单词在长期记忆中以情景痕迹的形式呈现，其中包含说话者特定的感知信息。
