Lewis R G, Fortune C R, Willis R D, Camann D E, Antley J T
National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711-2055, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Sep;107(9):721-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.99107721.
House dust is a repository for environmental pollutants that may accumulate indoors from both internal and external sources over long periods of time. Dust and tracked-in soil accumulate most efficiently in carpets, and the pollutants associated with dust and soil may present an exposure risk to infants and toddlers, who spend significant portions of their time in contact with or in close proximity to the floor and who engage in frequent mouthing activities. The availability of carpet dust for exposure by transfer to the skin or by suspension into the air depends on particle size. In this study, a large sample of residential house dust was obtained from a commercial cleaning service whose clients were homeowners residing in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill (Research Triangle) area of North Carolina. The composite dust was separated into seven size fractions ranging from < 4 to 500 microm in diameter, and each fraction was analyzed for 28 pesticides and 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Over 20% of the fractionated dust sample consisted of particles < 25 microm in diameter. Fourteen pesticides and all 10 of the target PAHs were detected in one or more of the seven size-fractionated samples. Sample concentrations reported range from 0.02 to 22 microg/g; the synthetic pyrethroids cis- and trans-permethrin were the most abundant pesticide residue. The concentrations of nearly all of the target analytes increased gradually with decreasing particle size for the larger particles, then increased dramatically for the two smallest particle sizes (4-25 microm and < 4 microm).
室内灰尘是环境污染物的储存库，这些污染物可能长期从室内外来源在室内累积。灰尘和带入室内的土壤在地毯中积累得最为有效，与灰尘和土壤相关的污染物可能会对婴幼儿构成暴露风险，因为他们大部分时间都在接触地板或靠近地板，并经常有啃咬行为。通过转移到皮肤上或悬浮到空气中而导致接触的地毯灰尘的可获得性取决于颗粒大小。在本研究中，从一家商业清洁服务公司获得了大量住宅室内灰尘样本，该公司的客户是居住在北卡罗来纳州罗利 - 达勒姆 - 教堂山（研究三角区）地区的房主。将混合灰尘分离成七个粒径范围，从直径小于4微米到500微米，并且对每个粒径级分分析了28种农药和10种多环芳烃（PAH）。超过20%的分级灰尘样本由直径小于25微米的颗粒组成。在七个粒径分级样本中的一个或多个中检测到了14种农药和所有10种目标PAH。报告的样本浓度范围为0.02至22微克/克；合成拟除虫菊酯顺式和反式氯菊酯是最丰富的农药残留。对于较大颗粒，几乎所有目标分析物的浓度随着粒径减小而逐渐增加，然后对于两个最小粒径（4 - 25微米和小于4微米）急剧增加。
