Ferreira Victor S, Pashler Harold
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0109, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2002 Nov;28(6):1187-99.
Does producing a word slow performance of a concurrent, unrelated task? In 2 experiments, 108 participants named pictures and discriminated tones. In Experiment 1, pictures were named after cloze sentences; the durations of the word-production stages of lemma and phonological word-form selection were manipulated with high- and low-constraint cloze sentences and high- and low-frequency-name pictures, respectively. In Experiment 2, pictures were presented with simultaneous distractor words; the durations of lemma and phoneme selection were manipulated with conceptually and phonologically related distractors. All manipulations, except the phoneme-selection manipulation, delayed tone-discrimination responses as much as picture-naming responses. These results suggest that early word-production stages--lemma and phonological word-form selection--are subject to a central processing bottleneck, whereas the later stage--phoneme selection--is not.
生成一个单词会减慢并发的、不相关任务的执行速度吗？在两项实验中，108名参与者对图片进行命名并辨别音调。在实验1中，在完形填空句子之后对图片进行命名；分别用高约束和低约束的完形填空句子以及高频率和低频率命名的图片来操纵词元生成阶段和语音词形选择阶段的持续时间。在实验2中，图片与同时出现的干扰词一起呈现；用词元相关和语音相关的干扰词来操纵词元选择阶段和音素选择阶段的持续时间。除了音素选择操纵外，所有操纵对音调辨别反应的延迟程度与图片命名反应相同。这些结果表明，早期的单词生成阶段——词元生成和语音词形选择——受到中央处理瓶颈的限制，而后期阶段——音素选择——则不受此限制。
