Holmes Michelle D, Willett Walter C
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):170-8. doi: 10.1186/bcr909. Epub 2004 Jun 17.
The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer risk. However, weight gain in middle life contributes substantially to breast cancer risk. Alcohol is the best established dietary risk factor, probably by increasing endogenous estrogen levels. Hypotheses relating diet during youth to risk decades later will be difficult to test. Nevertheless, available evidence is strong that breast cancer risk can be reduced by avoiding weight gain during adult years, and by limiting alcohol consumption.
特定饮食因素在乳腺癌病因中的作用尚未完全明确。前瞻性研究结果并不支持中年时期脂肪摄入量与乳腺癌风险有主要关联这一观点。然而，中年时期体重增加会显著增加乳腺癌风险。酒精是已明确的最佳饮食风险因素，可能是通过提高内源性雌激素水平起作用。关于年轻时的饮食与数十年后的风险之间关系的假设将难以验证。尽管如此，现有证据有力表明，通过在成年期避免体重增加以及限制酒精摄入，可以降低乳腺癌风险。
