Effects of caloric restriction are species-specific.

This article addresses two questions: (1) 'can caloric restriction (CR) extend the life spans of all species of experimental animals', and (2) 'is CR likely to slow the human aging process and/or extend the human life span?' The answer to the first question is clearly 'no', because CR decreases the life span of the housefly, Musca domestica, and fails to extend the life span of at least one mouse strain. The answer to the second question is unknown, because human CR has not yet been shown either to increase or curtail the human life span. However, recent efforts to develop insect models of CR have been unsuccessful and/or relatively uninformative, so any insights regarding the relationship between CR and human aging are more likely to arise from studies of established, mammalian models of CR.