Smart Richman Laura, Leary Mark R
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2009 Apr;116(2):365-83. doi: 10.1037/a0015250.
This article describes a new model that provides a framework for understanding people's reactions to threats to social acceptance and belonging as they occur in the context of diverse phenomena such as rejection, discrimination, ostracism, betrayal, and stigmatization. People's immediate reactions are quite similar across different forms of rejection in terms of negative affect and lowered self-esteem. However, following these immediate responses, people's reactions are influenced by construals of the rejection experience that predict 3 distinct motives for prosocial, antisocial, and socially avoidant behavioral responses. The authors describe the relational, contextual, and dispositional factors that affect which motives determine people's reactions to a rejection experience and the ways in which these 3 motives may work at cross-purposes. The multimotive model accounts for the myriad ways in which responses to rejection unfold over time and offers a basis for the next generation of research on interpersonal rejection.
本文描述了一种新模型，该模型提供了一个框架，用于理解人们在诸如拒绝、歧视、排斥、背叛和污名化等各种现象的背景下，对社会接纳和归属感受到威胁时的反应。在负面影响和自尊降低方面，人们对不同形式的拒绝的即时反应非常相似。然而，在这些即时反应之后，人们的反应受到对拒绝经历的解读的影响，这些解读预测了亲社会、反社会和社交回避行为反应的三种不同动机。作者描述了影响哪些动机决定人们对拒绝经历的反应的关系、背景和性格因素，以及这三种动机可能相互矛盾的方式。多动机模型解释了对拒绝的反应随时间展开的无数方式，并为下一代人际拒绝研究提供了基础。
