Department of Education, University of Bologna, Italy.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010 Jul;23(4):463-70. doi: 10.1080/10615800903431699.
Rescue workers are frequently exposed to highly stressful situations during their everyday work activity. Stress and coping theory emphasizes the interaction between primary and secondary appraisal in determining coping responses to stressful events and quality of life. According to Social Cognitive Theory, stress reactions depend on self-appraisal of coping capabilities. The present study investigated whether self-efficacy moderates the relationship between stress appraisal and professional quality of life. A self-administered questionnaire was submitted to a sample of 451 Italian rescue workers (firefighters, paramedics, and medical technicians), including the Professional Quality of Life Scale, which measures three dimensions of emergency workers' quality of working life: compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the relationship between stress appraisal and professional quality of life was significant only among rescue workers with low levels of self-efficacy but not among those with higher levels of self-efficacy. These results confirmed the expectations based on Social Cognitive Theory that self-efficacy buffers the impact of perceived stressful encounters on professional quality of life. Results suggest the usefulness of interventions aimed at increasing rescue workers' psychosocial skills.
救援人员在日常工作中经常面临高度紧张的情况。应激和应对理论强调在确定应对压力事件和生活质量时，初级和次级评价之间的相互作用。根据社会认知理论，应激反应取决于对应对能力的自我评估。本研究调查了自我效能是否调节了压力评估与专业生活质量之间的关系。一份自我管理的问卷提交给了 451 名意大利救援人员（消防员、护理人员和医疗技术人员）的样本，其中包括专业生活质量量表，该量表衡量了应急人员工作生活质量的三个维度：同情疲劳、倦怠和同情满足。多元回归分析表明，压力评估与专业生活质量之间的关系仅在自我效能感较低的救援人员中显著，而在自我效能感较高的救援人员中不显著。这些结果证实了社会认知理论的预期，即自我效能感缓冲了感知到的压力遭遇对专业生活质量的影响。结果表明，旨在提高救援人员社会心理技能的干预措施是有用的。
