University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Mar;118(3):357-62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901345. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
This study was designed to update previous U.S. market basket surveys of levels and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) dietary intake calculations. This study also quantifies hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) levels in U.S.-purchased foods for the first time and estimates U.S. dietary intake of HBCD. This is part of a larger market basket study reported in two companion articles, of current levels of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) PBDEs, HBCD, perfluorinated compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in composite food samples collected in 2008-2009.
In this study, we measured concentrations of 24 PBDE congeners and total HBCD in composite samples of 31 food types (310 samples). U.S. dietary intake of PBDEs and HBCD was estimated referencing the most current U.S. Department of Agriculture loss-adjusted food availability report.
Total PBDE concentrations in food varied by food type, ranging from 12 pg/g wet weight (ww) in whole milk to 1,545 pg/g ww in canned sardines and 6,211 pg/g ww in butter. Total HBCD concentrations also varied substantially within and among food groups, ranging from 23 pg/g in canned beef chili to 593 pg/g in canned sardines. HBCD was not detected in any dairy samples. Dietary intake of all PBDE congeners measured was estimated to be 50 ng/day, mostly from dairy consumption but also from meat and fish. HBCD intake was estimated at 16 ng/day, primarily from meat consumption.
PBDEs and HBCDs currently contaminate some food purchased in the United States, although PBDE intake estimated in this study is lower than reported in our previous market basket surveys. HBCD is in food at higher levels than expected based on previously reported levels in milk and blood compared with PBDE levels and is comparable to European levels.
本研究旨在更新之前美国市场篮子调查中关于水平和多溴二苯醚（PBDE）饮食摄入量的计算。本研究还首次量化了美国购买食品中的六溴环十二烷（HBCD）含量，并估计了美国的 HBCD 饮食摄入量。这是两篇相关文章报道的更大市场篮子研究的一部分，该研究报告了 2008-2009 年复合食品样本中当前某些持久性有机污染物（POPs）PBDEs、HBCD、全氟化合物、多氯联苯和农药的水平。
在这项研究中，我们测量了 31 种食品类型（310 个样本）的 24 种 PBDE 同系物和总 HBCD 的浓度。参考美国农业部最新调整后的食品供应报告，估计了 PBDEs 和 HBCD 的美国饮食摄入量。
食物中总 PBDE 浓度因食物类型而异，范围从全脂牛奶中的 12 pg/g 湿重（ww）到罐装沙丁鱼中的 1545 pg/g ww 和黄油中的 6211 pg/g ww。总 HBCD 浓度在食物内和食物间也有很大差异，范围从罐装牛肉辣椒中的 23 pg/g 到罐装沙丁鱼中的 593 pg/g。在任何乳制品样本中均未检测到 HBCD。所有测量的 PBDE 同系物的饮食摄入量估计为 50 ng/天，主要来自乳制品消费，但也来自肉类和鱼类。HBCD 摄入量估计为 16 ng/天，主要来自肉类消费。
目前，多溴二苯醚和六溴环十二烷污染了一些在美国购买的食品，尽管本研究中估计的多溴二苯醚摄入量低于我们之前的市场篮子调查报告。与 PBDE 水平相比，HBCD 在食物中的含量高于预期，并且与欧洲水平相当，高于以前报道的牛奶和血液中的水平。
