Stud Mycol. 2011 Jun 30;69(1):1-17. doi: 10.3114/sim.2011.69.01.
Four new species, Aspergillus eucalypticola, A. neoniger, A. fijiensis and A. indologenus are described and illustrated. Aspergillus eucalypticola was isolated from Eucalyptus leaf from Australia, and is related to A. tubingensis and A. costaricaensis, but could clearly be distinguished from them based on either β-tubulin or calmodulin sequence data. Aspergillus eucalypticola produced pyranonigrin A, funalenone, aurasperone B and other naphtho-γ-pyrones. Aspergillus neoniger is also a biseriate species isolated from desert sand in Namibia, and mangrove water in Venezuela, which produces aurasperone B and pyranonigrin A. Aspergillus fijiensis is a uniseriate species related to A. aculeatinus, and was isolated from soil in Fiji, and from Lactuca sativa in Indonesia. This species is able to grow at 37 °C, and produces asperparalines and okaramins. Aspergillus indologenus was isolated from soil, India. This species also belongs to the uniseriate group of black aspergilli, and was found to be related to, but clearly distinguishable from A. uvarum based on β-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequence data. Aspergillus indologenus produced the insecticidal compounds okaramins A, B, H, and two types of indol-alkaloids which have not been structure elucidated. Two other species, A. violaceofuscus and A. acidus, are revalidated based on molecular and extrolite data. Aspergillus violaceofuscus was found to be related to A. japonicus, and produced some of the same interesting indol-alkaloids as A. indologenus, and also produced several families of partially characterised extrolites that were also found in A. heteromorphus. Aspergillus acidus (previously known as A. foetidus var. pallidus and A. foetidus var. acidus) is also a valid species, while A. foetidus is a synonym of A. niger based on molecular and physiological data. Two other species described previously, A. coreanus and A. lacticoffeatus, were found to be colour mutants of A. acidus and A. niger, respectively. Methods which could be used to distinguish the two closely related and economically important species A. niger and A. awamori are also detailed. Although these species differ in their occurrence and several physiological means (elastase activities, abilities to utilise 2-deoxy-D-glucose as sole carbon source), our data indicate that only molecular approaches including sequence analysis of calmodulin or β-tubulin genes, AFLP analysis, UP-PCR analysis or mtDNA RFLP analysis can be used reliably to distinguish these sibling species. Aspergillus section Nigri now includes 26 taxa.
四种新的物种，即 Aspergillus eucalypticola、A. neoniger、A. fijiensis 和 A. indologenus 被描述和图示。Aspergillus eucalypticola 是从澳大利亚的桉树叶中分离出来的，与 A. tubingensis 和 A. costaricaensis 有关，但根据 β-微管蛋白或钙调蛋白序列数据，可以清楚地将其与它们区分开来。Aspergillus eucalypticola 产生了 pyranonigrin A、funalenone、aurasperone B 和其他 naphtho-γ-pyrones。Aspergillus neoniger 也是一种双列种，从纳米比亚的沙漠沙和委内瑞拉的红树林水中分离出来，它产生了 aurasperone B 和 pyranonigrin A。Aspergillus fijiensis 是一种单列种，与 A. aculeatinus 有关，从斐济的土壤和印度尼西亚的莴苣中分离出来。该物种能够在 37°C 下生长，并产生 asperparalines 和 okaramins。Aspergillus indologenus 是从土壤中分离出来的，印度。该物种也属于黑曲霉的单列群，根据 β-微管蛋白、钙调蛋白和 ITS 序列数据，发现它与 A. uvarum 有关，但可以清楚地区分开来。Aspergillus indologenus 产生了杀虫化合物 okaramins A、B、H 和两种尚未确定结构的吲哚-生物碱。另外两个物种，A. violaceofuscus 和 A. acidus，是根据分子和外泌体数据重新验证的。Aspergillus violaceofuscus 与 A. japonicus 有关，产生了与 Aspergillus indologenus 相同的一些有趣的吲哚-生物碱，并且还产生了几种在 Aspergillus heteromorphus 中也发现的部分表征的外泌体。A. acidus（以前称为 A. foetidus var. pallidus 和 A. foetidus var. acidus）也是一个有效的物种，而 A. foetidus 是 A. niger 的同义词，基于分子和生理数据。以前描述的另外两个物种，A. coreanus 和 A. lacticoffeatus，被发现是 A. acidus 和 A. niger 的颜色突变体。还详细介绍了可用于区分两种密切相关且具有经济重要性的物种 A. niger 和 A. awamori 的方法。尽管这些物种在发生和几种生理手段（弹性蛋白酶活性、利用 2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖作为唯一碳源的能力）上有所不同，但我们的数据表明，只有分子方法，包括钙调蛋白或 β-微管蛋白基因序列分析、AFLP 分析、UP-PCR 分析或 mtDNA RFLP 分析，才能可靠地区分这些亲缘关系密切的种。黑曲霉节现在包括 26 个分类群。
