Lv Guang-Ping, Zhao Jing, Duan Jin-Ao, Tang Yu-Ping, Li Shao-Ping
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
Chem Cent J. 2012 Jan 31;6(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-10.
Two species of Ganoderma, G. sinense and G. lucidum, are used as Lingzhi in China. Howerver, the content of triterpenoids and polysaccharides, main actives compounds, are significant different, though the extracts of both G. lucidum and G. sinense have antitumoral proliferation effect. It is suspected that other compounds contribute to their antitumoral activity. Sterols and fatty acids have obvious bioactivity. Therefore, determination and comparison of sterols and fatty acids is helpful to elucidate the active components of Lingzhi.
Ergosterol, a specific component of fungal cell membrane, was rich in G. lucidum and G. sinense. But its content in G. lucidum (median content 705.0 μg·g-1, range 189.1-1453.3 μg·g-1, n = 19) was much higher than that in G. sinense (median content 80.1 μg·g-1, range 16.0-409.8 μg·g-1, n = 13). Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the content of ergosterol showed that 32 tested samples of Ganoderma were grouped into two main clusters, G. lucidum and G. sinense. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the contents of ten fatty acids showed that two species of Ganoderma had no significant difference though two groups were also obtained. The similarity of two species of Ganoderma in fatty acids may be related to their antitumoral proliferation effect.
The content of ergosterol is much higher in G. lucidum than in G. sinense. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid are main fatty acids in Ganoderma and their content had no significant difference between G. lucidum and G. sinense, which may contribute to their antitumoral proliferation effect.
在中国，两种灵芝，即紫芝和赤芝被用作灵芝。然而，尽管紫芝和赤芝的提取物都具有抗肿瘤增殖作用，但主要活性化合物三萜类和多糖的含量却有显著差异。有人怀疑其他化合物对它们的抗肿瘤活性有贡献。甾醇和脂肪酸具有明显的生物活性。因此，甾醇和脂肪酸的测定与比较有助于阐明灵芝的活性成分。
麦角甾醇是真菌细胞膜的一种特定成分，在紫芝和赤芝中含量丰富。但其在紫芝中的含量（中位数含量705.0μg·g-1，范围189.1 - 1453.3μg·g-1，n = 19）远高于赤芝（中位数含量80.1μg·g-1，范围16.0 - 409.8μg·g-1，n = 13）。基于麦角甾醇含量的层次聚类分析表明，32个受试灵芝样品被分为两个主要聚类，即紫芝和赤芝。基于十种脂肪酸含量的层次聚类分析表明，虽然也得到了两组，但两种灵芝之间没有显著差异。两种灵芝在脂肪酸方面的相似性可能与其抗肿瘤增殖作用有关。
紫芝中麦角甾醇的含量远高于赤芝。棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸是灵芝中的主要脂肪酸，它们在紫芝和赤芝中的含量没有显著差异，这可能有助于它们的抗肿瘤增殖作用。
