Kleinstein Robert N, Sinnott Loraine T, Jones-Jordan Lisa A, Sims Janene, Zadnik Karla
School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Oct;130(10):1274-9. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1449.
To report the percentage of new cases of myopia in 4927 children aged 5 to 16 years who participated in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error Study between 1989 and 2009.
A multicenter, longitudinal, observational, volunteer study of refractive error and ocular development in children from 5 racial/ethnic groups in which the participants were children who were not myopic (right eye cycloplegic auto refraction of less myopia/more hyperopia than -0.75 diopters [D] in both principal meridians) at study entry. A new case was a diagnosis of myopia (right eye cycloplegic auto refraction of -0.75 D or more myopia in both principal meridians) after study entry.
Of the 4556 children entering the study who were not myopic, 749 (16.4%) received a diagnosis of myopia after study entry. Among these 749 children, the ages of the participants at diagnosis varied from 7 to 16 years, with the largest number diagnosed at age 11 years(136 participants [18.2%]). New cases of myopia occurred in 27.3% of Asians, 21.4% of Hispanics, 14.5% of Native Americans, 13.9% of African Americans, and 11% of whites. Female participants had more new cases than did male participants (18.5% vs 14.5%). Normal-birth weight children had more new cases than did low-birth weight children (16.9% vs 15.5%).
Sixteen percent of children enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error Study developed myopia during their school-aged years. The percentage increased yearly until age 11 years, after which it decreased. New cases of myopia varied by ethnic/racial group.
报告1989年至2009年间参与种族与屈光不正协作纵向评估研究的4927名5至16岁儿童中近视新发病例的百分比。
一项多中心、纵向、观察性的志愿者研究，研究对象为来自5个种族/民族群体的儿童的屈光不正和眼部发育情况，研究开始时参与者为非近视儿童（主子午线双眼睫状肌麻痹自动验光近视度数小于-0.75屈光度[D]或远视度数更高）。新发病例是指研究开始后被诊断为近视（主子午线双眼睫状肌麻痹自动验光近视度数为-0.75 D或更高）。
在4556名开始研究时非近视的儿童中，749名（16.4%）在研究开始后被诊断为近视。在这749名儿童中，诊断时参与者的年龄从7岁到16岁不等，诊断人数最多的是11岁（136名参与者[18.2%]）。近视新发病例在27.3%的亚洲人、21.4%的西班牙裔、14.5%的美洲原住民、13.9%的非裔美国人以及11%的白人中出现。女性参与者的新发病例比男性参与者多（18.5%对14.5%）。正常出生体重儿童的新发病例比低出生体重儿童多（16.9%对15.5%）。
参与种族与屈光不正协作纵向评估研究的儿童中有16%在学龄期患上近视。该百分比在11岁前逐年上升，之后下降。近视新发病例因种族/民族群体而异。
