Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2013 Nov;39(6):1793-806. doi: 10.1037/a0033094. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
To investigate bilingual language control, prior language switching studies presented visual objects, which had to be named in different languages, typically indicated by a visual cue. The present study examined language switching of predictable responses by introducing a novel sequence-based language switching paradigm. In 4 experiments, sequential responses (i.e., weekdays, numbers or new sequences) and an alternating language sequence (e.g., L1-L1-L2-L2) were implemented, both of which were memory based. Our data revealed switch costs, showing that a language switch is associated with worse performance compared with a language repetition, and mixing costs, which constitutes the performance difference between pure and mixed language blocks, even while producing entirely predictable responses (i.e., language and concept). Additionally, we found these switch costs with overlearned and new sequences and found that switch costs were reduced with longer preparation time. The obtained data are consistent with a proactive interference account, such as the inhibitory control model.
为了研究双语语言控制，先前的语言切换研究呈现了视觉对象，这些对象必须用不同的语言命名，通常通过视觉提示来指示。本研究通过引入一种新的基于序列的语言切换范式来检验可预测反应的语言切换。在 4 个实验中，实施了顺序反应（即工作日、数字或新序列）和交替语言序列（例如，L1-L1-L2-L2），这两者都是基于记忆的。我们的数据显示了切换成本，表明与语言重复相比，语言切换与较差的表现相关联，并且混合成本构成了纯语言和混合语言块之间的表现差异，即使在产生完全可预测的反应（即语言和概念）时也是如此。此外，我们发现这些切换成本与过度学习和新序列有关，并且发现切换成本随着准备时间的延长而降低。所获得的数据与前摄干扰理论一致，例如抑制控制模型。
