Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e76271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076271. eCollection 2013.
Filifactor alocis is a gram positive anaerobe that is emerging as an important periodontal pathogen. In the oral cavity F. alocis colonizes polymicrobial biofilm communities; however, little is known regarding the nature of the interactions between F. alocis and other oral biofilm bacteria. Here we investigate the community interactions of two strains of F. alocis with Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, organisms with differing pathogenic potential in the oral cavity. In an in vitro community development model, S. gordonii was antagonistic to the accumulation of F. alocis into a dual species community. In contrast, F. nucleatum and the type strain of F. alocis formed a synergistic partnership. Accumulation of a low passage isolate of F. alocis was also enhanced by F. nucleatum. In three species communities of S. gordonii, F. nucleatum and F. alocis, the antagonistic effects of S. gordonii superseded the synergistic effects of F. nucleatum toward F. alocis. The interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. alocis was strain specific and A. actinomycetemcomitans could either stimulate F. alocis accumulation or have no effect depending on the strain. P. gingivalis and F. alocis formed heterotypic communities with the amount of P. gingivalis greater than in the absence of F. alocis. However, while P. gingivalis benefited from the relationship, levels of F. alocis in the dual species community were lower compared to F. alocis alone. The inhibitory effect of P. gingivalis toward F. alocis was dependent, at least partially, on the presence of the Mfa1 fimbrial subunit. In addition, AI-2 production by P. gingivalis helped maintain levels of F. alocis. Collectively, these results show that the pattern of F. alocis colonization will be dictated by the spatial composition of microbial microenvironments, and that the organism may preferentially accumulate at sites rich in F. nucleatum.
栖牙密螺旋体是一种革兰氏阳性厌氧菌，作为一种重要的牙周病原体而逐渐受到关注。在口腔中，栖牙密螺旋体定植于多种微生物生物膜群落中；然而，人们对于栖牙密螺旋体与其他口腔生物膜细菌之间相互作用的性质知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了两种栖牙密螺旋体菌株与酿脓链球菌、核梭杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和伴放线放线杆菌之间的群落相互作用，这些生物体在口腔中具有不同的致病性潜力。在体外群落发育模型中，酿脓链球菌对栖牙密螺旋体积累到双物种群落中具有拮抗作用。相比之下，核梭杆菌和栖牙密螺旋体的模式菌株形成了协同伙伴关系。核梭杆菌也增强了低传代栖牙密螺旋体的积累。在酿脓链球菌、核梭杆菌和栖牙密螺旋体的三个物种群落中，酿脓链球菌的拮抗作用超过了核梭杆菌对栖牙密螺旋体的协同作用。伴放线放线杆菌与栖牙密螺旋体的相互作用具有菌株特异性，伴放线放线杆菌可以刺激栖牙密螺旋体的积累，也可以根据菌株的不同而没有影响。牙龈卟啉单胞菌和栖牙密螺旋体形成了异型群落，其中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的数量大于没有栖牙密螺旋体的情况。然而，虽然牙龈卟啉单胞菌从这种关系中受益，但双物种群落中栖牙密螺旋体的水平与单独的栖牙密螺旋体相比要低。牙龈卟啉单胞菌对栖牙密螺旋体的抑制作用至少部分依赖于 Mfa1 纤毛亚基的存在。此外，牙龈卟啉单胞菌产生的 AI-2 有助于维持栖牙密螺旋体的水平。总的来说，这些结果表明，栖牙密螺旋体的定植模式将由微生物微环境的空间组成决定，并且该生物体可能更倾向于在富含核梭杆菌的部位积累。
