Babisch Wolfgang, Wolf Kathrin, Petz Markus, Heinrich Joachim, Cyrys Josef, Peters Annette
Department of Environmental Hygiene, Federal Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany.
Environ Health Perspect. 2014 May;122(5):492-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306981. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
Studies on the association between traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases have rarely considered air pollution as a covariate in the analyses. Isolated systolic hypertension has not yet been in the focus of epidemiological noise research.
The association between traffic noise (road and rail) and the prevalence of hypertension was assessed in two study populations with a total of 4,166 participants 25-74 years of age. Traffic noise (weighted day-night average noise level; LDN) at the facade of the dwellings was derived from noise maps. Annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations at residential addresses were estimated by land-use regression. Hypertension was assessed by blood pressure readings, self-reported doctor-diagnosed hypertension, and antihypertensive drug intake.
In the Greater Augsburg, Germany, study population, traffic noise and air pollution were not associated with hypertension. In the City of Augsburg population (n = 1,893), where the exposure assessment was more detailed, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 10-dB(A) increase in noise was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.35), and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.30) after additional adjustment for PM2.5. The adjusted OR for a 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.30), and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.27) after additional adjustment for noise. For isolated systolic hypertension, the fully adjusted OR for noise was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.86) and for PM2.5 was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.34).
Traffic noise and PM2.5 were both associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension. Mutually adjusted associations with hypertension were positive but no longer statistically significant.
关于交通噪音与心血管疾病之间关联的研究在分析中很少将空气污染作为协变量考虑。单纯收缩期高血压尚未成为流行病学噪音研究的重点。
在两个研究人群中评估了交通噪音（道路和铁路）与高血压患病率之间的关联，这两个研究人群共有4166名年龄在25至74岁之间的参与者。住宅正面的交通噪音（昼夜平均加权噪音水平；LDN）来自噪音地图。通过土地利用回归估计居住地址的年度平均PM2.5质量浓度。通过血压读数、自我报告的医生诊断高血压和抗高血压药物摄入量来评估高血压。
在德国奥格斯堡大区的研究人群中，交通噪音和空气污染与高血压无关。在奥格斯堡市人群（n = 1893）中，暴露评估更为详细，噪音增加10分贝（A）时的调整后优势比（OR）为1.16（95%置信区间：1.00，1.35），在进一步调整PM2.5后为1.11（95%置信区间：0.94，1.30）。PM2.5每增加1微克/立方米的调整后OR为1.15（95%置信区间：1.02，1.30），在进一步调整噪音后为1.11（95%置信区间：0.98，1.27）。对于单纯收缩期高血压，噪音的完全调整后OR为1.43（95%置信区间：1.10，1.86），PM2.5的完全调整后OR为1.08（95%置信区间：0.87，1.34）。
交通噪音和PM2.5均与较高的高血压患病率相关。与高血压的相互调整后的关联为阳性，但不再具有统计学意义。
