Redondo Leandro M, Chacana Pablo A, Dominguez Johana E, Fernandez Miyakawa Mariano E
Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Microbiol. 2014 Mar 27;5:118. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00118. eCollection 2014.
Antibiotics have been included in the formulation of feed for livestock production for more than 40 years as a strategy to improve feed conversion rates and to reduce costs. The use of antimicrobials as growth-promoting factors (AGP) in sub-therapeutic doses for long periods is particularly favorable for the selection of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. In the last years, global concern about development of antimicrobial resistance and transference of resistance genes from animal to human strains has been rising. Removal of AGP from animal diets involves tremendous pressure on the livestock and poultry farmers, one of the main consequences being a substantial increase in the incidence of infectious diseases with the associated increase in the use of antibiotics for therapy, and concomitantly, economic cost. Therefore, alternatives to AGP are urgently needed. The challenge is to implement new alternatives without affecting the production performances of livestock and avoiding the increase of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Plant extracts and purified derived substances are showing promising results for animal nutrition, either from their efficacy as well as from an economical point of view. Tannins are plant derived compounds that are being successfully used as additives in poultry feed to control diseases and to improve animal performance. Successful use of any of these extracts as feed additives must ensure a product of consistent quality in enough quantity to fulfill the actual requirements of the poultry industry. Chestnut (hydrolysable) and Quebracho (condensed) tannins are probably the most readily available commercial products that are covering those needs. The present report intends to analyze the available data supporting their use.
四十多年来，抗生素一直被添加到牲畜生产的饲料配方中，作为提高饲料转化率和降低成本的一种策略。长期以亚治疗剂量使用抗菌剂作为生长促进因子（AGP），特别有利于选择抗菌抗性微生物。近年来，全球对抗菌药物耐药性的发展以及耐药基因从动物菌株向人类菌株转移的关注不断增加。从动物饲料中去除AGP给畜禽养殖户带来了巨大压力，主要后果之一是传染病发病率大幅上升，同时用于治疗的抗生素使用量增加，随之而来的是经济成本增加。因此，迫切需要AGP的替代品。挑战在于实施新的替代品，同时不影响牲畜的生产性能，并避免抗菌抗性微生物的增加。从功效和经济角度来看，植物提取物和纯化的衍生物质在动物营养方面都显示出了有前景的结果。单宁是植物衍生化合物，已成功用作家禽饲料添加剂来控制疾病并改善动物性能。要成功将这些提取物中的任何一种用作饲料添加剂，必须确保产品质量稳定且数量充足，以满足家禽行业的实际需求。栗木（可水解）单宁和坚木（缩合）单宁可能是最容易获得的满足这些需求的商业产品。本报告旨在分析支持其使用的现有数据。
