铝冶炼工人的呼吸系统疾病。
Respiratory disorders in aluminum smelter workers.
作者信息
Kongerud Johny, Søyseth Vidar
机构信息
From the Department of Respiratory Medicine (Dr Kongerud), Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (Drs Kongerud and Søyseth), University of Oslo; and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Dr Søyseth), Akershus University Hospital, Loerenskog, Norway.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2014 May;56(5 Suppl):S60-70. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000105.
OBJECTIVES
Summarizing the knowledge status, including the morphology, possible etiological factors, and clinical expression of aluminum potroom asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to aluminum potroom exposure.
METHODS
A review of the literature from the last two decades as it appears in PubMed.
RESULTS
There is substantial evidence for the existence of potroom asthma, although the incidence seems to decline over the last 10 years. Increased mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and longitudinal decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration has been shown in aluminum potroom workers. Morphological manifestations in bronchial biopsies and the inflammatory markers NO and eosinophils in airway tissue and blood are consistent with asthma in general. The causative agent(s) is (are) not known.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of exposure and cessation of smoking seem to be the major preventive measures to avoid respiratory disorders in the aluminum industry.
目的
总结与铝电解车间暴露相关的铝电解车间哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的知识现状，包括其形态学、可能的病因及临床表现。
方法
回顾过去二十年发表于PubMed上的文献。
结果
有大量证据表明铝电解车间哮喘的存在，尽管在过去十年其发病率似乎有所下降。铝电解车间工人慢性阻塞性肺疾病死亡率增加，且第一秒用力呼气量呈纵向下降。支气管活检的形态学表现以及气道组织和血液中的炎症标志物一氧化氮和嗜酸性粒细胞总体上与哮喘相符。致病因素尚不清楚。
结论
减少暴露和戒烟似乎是避免铝工业中呼吸系统疾病的主要预防措施。
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