Zhang Ying-Chun, Li Geng, Jiang Chao, Yang Bin, Yang Hong-Jun, Xu Hai-Yu, Huang Lu-Qi
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
Institute of Natural Medicine and Chinese Medicine Resources, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100700, China.
Molecules. 2014 Oct 28;19(11):17381-99. doi: 10.3390/molecules191117381.
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of the cultivation year on the quality of different ginseng tissues. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ginsenosides were conducted using a UPLC-UV-MS method. Eight main ginsenosides in three tissues (leaf, rhizome and main root) and four parts (periderm, phloem, cambium and xylem) of ginseng aged from 1 to 13 years were determined using a UPLC-PDA method. Additionally, the antioxidant capacities of ginseng leaves were analyzed by the DPPH, ABTS and HRSA methods. It was found that the contents of ginsenosides increased with cultivation years, causing a sequential content change of ginsenosides in an organ-specific manner: leaf > rhizome > main root. The ratio between protopanaxatriol (PPT, Rg1, Re and RF) and protopanaxadiol (PPD, Rb1, Rb2, RC and Rd) in the main root remained stable (about 1.0), while it increased in leaf from 1.37 to 3.14 and decreased in the rhizome from 0.99 to 0.72. The amount of ginsenosides accumulated in the periderm was 45.48 mg/g, which was more than twice as high compared with the other three parts. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of ginseng leaves were measured as Trolox equivalents, showing that antioxidant activity increased along with time of cultivation. The results show that the best harvest time for shizhu ginseng is the fifth year of cultivation, and the root and rhizome could be used together within seven planting years for their similar PPT/PPD level. Besides, the quality of the ginseng products would be enhanced with the periderm. The ginseng leaf is rich in ginsenosides and has potential application for its antioxidant capacity.
本研究的目的是系统评估栽培年份对不同人参组织质量的影响。采用超高效液相色谱-紫外-质谱联用（UPLC-UV-MS）方法对人参皂苷进行定性和定量分析。使用超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测法（UPLC-PDA）测定了1至13年生人参三个组织（叶、根茎和主根）及四个部位（周皮、韧皮部、形成层和木质部）中的8种主要人参皂苷。此外，采用二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）法、2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）法和羟自由基清除能力（HRSA）法分析了人参叶的抗氧化能力。研究发现，人参皂苷含量随栽培年份增加，导致人参皂苷在器官特异性方面呈现出叶>根茎>主根的顺序性含量变化。主根中原人参三醇（PPT，Rg1、Re和RF）与原人参二醇（PPD，Rb1、Rb2、Rc和Rd）的比例保持稳定（约为1.0），而在叶中该比例从1.37增加到3.14，在根茎中从0.99降至0.72。周皮中积累的人参皂苷量为45.48 mg/g，比其他三个部位高出两倍多。此外，人参叶的抗氧化活性以Trolox当量衡量，表明抗氧化活性随栽培时间增加。结果表明，石柱参的最佳采收时间为栽培第5年，在种植7年内根和根茎可一起使用，因为它们的PPT/PPD水平相似。此外，含周皮的人参产品质量会提高。人参叶富含人参皂苷，因其抗氧化能力具有潜在应用价值。
