Sunohara Yukari, Baba Yohei, Matsuyama Shigeru, Fujimura Kaori, Matsumoto Hiroshi
Graduate school of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,
Protoplasma. 2015 Jul;252(4):1047-59. doi: 10.1007/s00709-014-0739-4. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Screening and identification of phytotoxic volatile compounds were performed using 71 medicinal plant species to find new natural compounds, and the characterization of the promising compound was investigated to understand the mode of action. The volatile compounds from Asarum sieboldii Miq. showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the hypocotyl growth of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.cv. Great Lakes 366), followed by those from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet and Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified four volatile compounds, α-pinene (2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene), β-pinene (6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane), 3-carene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene), and eucarvone (2,6,6-trimethy-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one), from A. sieboldii, and three volatile compounds, limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene), menthone (5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-one), and pulegone (5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexan-1-one), from S. tenuifolia. Among these volatile compounds, eucarvone, menthone, and pulegone exhibited strong inhibitory effects on both the root and shoot growth of lettuce seedlings. Eucarvone-induced growth inhibition was species-selective. Cell death, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation were induced in susceptible finger millet seedlings by eucarvone treatment, whereas this compound (≤158 μM) did not cause the increase of lipid peroxidation and ROS production in tolerant maize. The results of the present study show that eucarvone can have strong phytotoxic activity, which may be due to ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative damage in finger millet seedlings.
为了寻找新的天然化合物，利用71种药用植物进行了植物毒性挥发性化合物的筛选和鉴定，并对有前景的化合物进行了表征以了解其作用模式。细辛的挥发性化合物对生菜幼苗（Lactuca sativa L.cv. Great Lakes 366）的下胚轴生长表现出最强的抑制作用，其次是荆芥和花椒的挥发性化合物。气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC/MS）从细辛中鉴定出四种挥发性化合物，即α-蒎烯（2,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯）、β-蒎烯（6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基双环[3.1.1]庚烷）、3-蒈烯（3,7,7-三甲基双环[4.1.0]庚-3-烯）和异香芹酮（2,6,6-三甲基-2,4-环庚二烯-1-酮），从荆芥中鉴定出三种挥发性化合物，即柠檬烯（1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯）、薄荷酮（5-甲基-2-(丙烷-2-基)环己烷-1-酮）和长叶薄荷酮（5-甲基-2-丙烷-2-基亚甲基环己烷-1-酮）。在这些挥发性化合物中，异香芹酮、薄荷酮和长叶薄荷酮对生菜幼苗的根和芽生长均表现出强烈的抑制作用。异香芹酮诱导的生长抑制具有物种选择性。异香芹酮处理易感的黍稷幼苗会诱导细胞死亡、活性氧（ROS）的产生和脂质过氧化，而该化合物（≤158 μM）在耐受的玉米中不会导致脂质过氧化和ROS产生的增加。本研究结果表明，异香芹酮可能具有很强的植物毒性活性，这可能是由于黍稷幼苗中ROS过量产生及随后的氧化损伤所致。
