Mayhew Alexandra J, Lock Karen, Kelishadi Roya, Swaminathan Sumathi, Marcilio Claudia S, Iqbal Romaina, Dehghan Mahshid, Yusuf Salim, Chow Clara K
1Population Health Research Institute,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada.
2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2016 Apr;19(6):998-1007. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015000658. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
Food packages were objectively assessed to explore differences in nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques and health and nutrition claims between countries, in comparison to national regulations.
Cross-sectional.
Chip and sweet biscuit packages were collected from sixteen countries at different levels of economic development in the EPOCH (Environmental Profile of a Community's Health) study between 2008 and 2010.
Seven hundred and thirty-seven food packages were systematically evaluated for nutrition labelling, selected promotional marketing techniques relevant to nutrition and health, and health and nutrition claims. We compared pack labelling in countries with labelling regulations, with voluntary regulations and no regulations.
Overall 86 % of the packages had nutrition labels, 30 % had health or nutrition claims and 87 % displayed selected marketing techniques. On average, each package displayed two marketing techniques and one health or nutrition claim. In countries with mandatory nutrition labelling a greater proportion of packages displayed nutrition labels, had more of the seven required nutrients present, more total nutrients listed and higher readability compared with those with voluntary or no regulations. Countries with no health or nutrition claim regulations had fewer claims per package compared with countries with regulations.
Nutrition label regulations were associated with increased prevalence and quality of nutrition labels. Health and nutrition claim regulations were unexpectedly associated with increased use of claims, suggesting that current regulations may not have the desired effect of protecting consumers. Of concern, lack of regulation was associated with increased promotional marketing techniques directed at children and misleadingly promoting broad concepts of health.
对食品包装进行客观评估，以探究各国在营养标签、选定的促销营销技巧以及健康和营养声明方面与国家法规相比存在的差异。
横断面研究。
在2008年至2010年的EPOCH（社区健康环境概况）研究中，从16个经济发展水平不同的国家收集了薯片和甜饼干包装。
对737个食品包装进行了系统评估，内容包括营养标签、与营养和健康相关的选定促销营销技巧以及健康和营养声明。我们比较了有标签法规、自愿性法规和无法规国家的包装标签情况。
总体而言，86%的包装有营养标签，30%有健康或营养声明，87%展示了选定的营销技巧。平均每个包装展示两种营销技巧和一项健康或营养声明。与有自愿性法规或无法规的国家相比，在有强制性营养标签的国家，更大比例的包装展示了营养标签，所含七种必需营养素更多，列出的总营养素更多，可读性更高。与有法规的国家相比，没有健康或营养声明法规的国家每个包装的声明更少。
营养标签法规与营养标签的普及率提高和质量提升相关。健康和营养声明法规意外地与声明的使用增加相关，这表明现行法规可能没有达到保护消费者的预期效果。令人担忧的是，缺乏法规与针对儿童的促销营销技巧增加以及对宽泛健康概念的误导性推广有关。
