Khan Usman Ali, Rahman Hazir, Qasim Muhammad, Hussain Anwar, Azizllah Azizullah, Murad Waheed, Khan Zakir, Anees Muhammad, Adnan Muhammad
Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Apr 23;15:127. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0646-z.
Plants are rich source of chemical compounds that are used to accomplish biological activity. Indigenously crude extracts of plants are widely used as herbal medicine for the treatment of infections by people of different ethnic groups. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the biological potential of Alkanna tinctoria leaves extract from district Charsadda, Pakistan against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Anti-multi-drug resistant bacterial activity of aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves were evaluated by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of different extracts were determined. Moreover qualitative phytochemicals screening of the studied extracts was performed.
All four selected bacteria including A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were categorized as multi-drug resistant (MDR) as they were found to be resistant to 13, 10, 19 and 22 antibiotics belonging to different groups respectively. All the four extract showed potential activity against S. aureus as compare to positive control antibiotic (Imipenem). Similarly among the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves, aqueous extract showed best activity against A. baumannii (10±03 mm), P. aeruginosa (12±0.5 mm), and S. aureus (14±0.5 mm) as compare to Imipenem. The MICs and MBCs results also showed quantitative concentration of plant extracts to inhibit or kill MDR bacteria. When phytochemicals analysis was performed it was observed that aqueous and ethanol extracts showed phytochemicals with large number as well as volume, especially Alkaloides, Flavonoides and Charbohydrates.
The undertaken study demonstrated that all the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against MDR isolates. Finding from the current study will be helpful for further elucidation of lead molecules from Alkanna tinctoria leaves for future therapeutic use against MDR pathogens.
植物是具有生物活性的化合物的丰富来源。当地的植物粗提物被不同种族的人们广泛用作治疗感染的草药。本研究旨在评估来自巴基斯坦查尔萨达地区的紫朱草叶提取物对包括鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在内的多重耐药人类病原菌的生物活性。
采用打孔扩散法评估紫朱草叶水提取物、氯仿提取物、乙醇提取物和己烷提取物的抗多重耐药细菌活性。测定不同提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。此外，对所研究的提取物进行了定性植物化学筛选。
包括鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在内的所有四种选定细菌均被归类为多重耐药菌（MDR），因为它们分别对属于不同组的13种、10种、19种和22种抗生素耐药。与阳性对照抗生素（亚胺培南）相比，所有四种提取物均对金黄色葡萄球菌显示出潜在活性。同样，在紫朱草叶的四种提取物中，与亚胺培南相比，水提取物对鲍曼不动杆菌（10±0.3毫米）、铜绿假单胞菌（12±0.5毫米）和金黄色葡萄球菌（14±0.5毫米）显示出最佳活性。MIC和MBC结果也显示了植物提取物抑制或杀死多重耐药细菌的定量浓度。进行植物化学分析时，观察到水提取物和乙醇提取物显示出大量且含量丰富的植物化学物质，尤其是生物碱、黄酮类化合物和碳水化合物。
所进行的研究表明，紫朱草叶的所有四种提取物对多重耐药分离株均表现出相当大的抗菌活性。本研究的结果将有助于进一步阐明紫朱草叶中的先导分子，以供未来用于对抗多重耐药病原体的治疗。
