Ye Ying Ying, Wu Chang Wen, Li Ji Ji
National Engineering Research Center of Maricultural Facilities of China, College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand.
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 31;10(12):e0146260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146260. eCollection 2015.
The clam Macridiscus multifarius with a planktonic larval stage of about 10 days is an ecologically and economically important species in the coastal regions of China. In this study, 3 mt-DNA markers (COI, 12S rRNA, and ND1) were used to investigate the population structure and demography of wild M. multifarius populations in 3 coastal localities of the East China Sea (ZS and ZP populations) and Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea (BH population). Sequences of 685 bp in COI, 350 bp in 12S rRNA, and 496 bp in ND1 were determined. High level and significant FST values were obtained among the different localities on the basis of either COI (FST = 0.100-0.444, p < 0.05) or 12S rRNA (FST = 0.199-0.742, p < 0.05) gene, indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation among the populations. FST values were significant but weak for the ND1 gene because it is highly conservative. The median-joining network suggested an obvious genetic differentiation between ZS and BH populations, and the finding is consistent with the results of our demographic analyses using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Our study unraveled the extant population genetic structure of M. multifarius and explained the strong population structure of a species with a short planktonic larval stage species; this information could be useful for fishery management measures, including artificial breeding and conservation.
多板蚶（Macridiscus multifarius）的浮游幼虫期约为10天，是中国沿海地区具有重要生态和经济意义的物种。在本研究中，使用3个线粒体DNA标记（COI、12S rRNA和ND1）来研究东海3个沿海地区（ZS和ZP种群）和南海北部湾（BH种群）野生多板蚶种群的种群结构和种群统计学。测定了COI的685 bp、12S rRNA的350 bp和ND1的496 bp序列。基于COI基因（FST = 0.100 - 0.444，p < 0.05）或12S rRNA基因（FST = 0.199 - 0.742，p < 0.05），在不同地区间获得了高水平且显著的FST值，表明种群间存在高度的遗传分化。ND1基因的FST值虽显著但较弱，因为它高度保守。中介连接网络表明ZS和BH种群之间存在明显的遗传分化，这一发现与我们使用算术平均的非加权配对组方法进行的种群统计学分析结果一致。我们的研究揭示了多板蚶现存的种群遗传结构，并解释了具有短浮游幼虫期物种的强烈种群结构；这些信息可能有助于渔业管理措施，包括人工繁殖和保护。
