Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, Taguatinga, Brasília, DF, 72030-170, Brazil.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Sports Med. 2017 Feb;47(2):277-293. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0566-1.
Physical activity has been associated with reduced oxidative stress (OS) in observational studies and clinical trials.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was to determine the effect of physical exercise on OS parameters.
We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to March 2016 that included the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. A keyword combination referring to exercise training and OS was included as part of a more thorough search process. We also manually searched the reference lists of the articles. From an initial 1573 references, we included 30 controlled trials (1346 participants) in the qualitative analysis, 19 of which were included in the meta-analysis. All trials were conducted in humans and had at least one exercise intervention and a paired control group. Using a standardized protocol, two investigators independently abstracted data on study design, sample size, participant characteristics, intervention, follow-up duration, outcomes, and quantitative data for the meta-analysis. Thus, the investigators independently assigned quality scores with a methodological quality assessment (MQA).
The agreement level between the reviewers was 85.3 %. Discrepancies were solved in a consensus meeting. The MQA showed a total score in the quality index between 40 and 90 % and a mean quality of 55 %. Further, in a random-effects model, data from each trial were pooled and weighted by the inverse of the total variance. Physical training was associated with a significant reduction in pro-oxidant parameters (standard mean difference [SMD] -1.08; 95 % confidence interval [CI] -1.57 to -0.58; p < 0.001) and an increase in antioxidant capacity (SMD 1.45; 95 % CI 0.83-2.06; p < 0.001).
The pooled analysis revealed that regardless of intensity, volume, type of exercise, and studied population, the antioxidant indicators tended to increase and pro-oxidant indicators tended to decrease after training. Therefore, we conclude that exercise training seems to induce an antioxidant effect. Thus, it is suggested that people practice some kind of exercise to balance the redox state, regardless of their health status, to improve health-related outcomes.
观察性研究和临床试验表明，身体活动与氧化应激（OS）降低有关。
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是确定身体运动对 OS 参数的影响。
我们对截至 2016 年 3 月的文献进行了系统评价，包括以下数据库：PubMed、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science。作为更彻底搜索过程的一部分，我们使用了一个涉及运动训练和 OS 的关键词组合。我们还手动搜索了文章的参考文献列表。从最初的 1573 篇参考文献中，我们对 30 项对照试验（1346 名参与者）进行了定性分析，其中 19 项纳入荟萃分析。所有试验均在人类中进行，至少有一项运动干预和配对对照组。使用标准化方案，两名研究人员独立提取研究设计、样本量、参与者特征、干预措施、随访时间、结局和荟萃分析的定量数据。因此，研究人员独立使用方法学质量评估（MQA）分配质量评分。
审稿人之间的一致性水平为 85.3%。有分歧的地方通过共识会议解决。MQA 显示质量指数总分为 40 到 90%，平均质量为 55%。此外，在随机效应模型中，从每个试验中提取数据并通过总方差的倒数进行加权。身体训练与促氧化剂参数的显著降低相关（标准均数差 [SMD] -1.08；95%置信区间 [CI] -1.57 至 -0.58；p<0.001）和抗氧化能力的增加相关（SMD 1.45；95%CI 0.83-2.06；p<0.001）。
荟萃分析显示，无论强度、量、运动类型和研究人群如何，训练后抗氧化指标趋于增加，促氧化剂指标趋于减少。因此，我们得出结论，运动训练似乎会产生抗氧化作用。因此，建议人们进行某种运动来平衡氧化还原状态，无论其健康状况如何，以改善与健康相关的结局。
