DeCastro María-Eugenia, Rodríguez-Belmonte Esther, González-Siso María-Isabel
Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña A Coruña, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Sep 27;7:1521. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01521. eCollection 2016.
Microbial populations living in environments with temperatures above 50°C (thermophiles) have been widely studied, increasing our knowledge in the composition and function of these ecological communities. Since these populations express a broad number of heat-resistant enzymes (thermozymes), they also represent an important source for novel biocatalysts that can be potentially used in industrial processes. The integrated study of the whole-community DNA from an environment, known as metagenomics, coupled with the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, has allowed the generation of large amounts of data from thermophiles. In this review, we summarize the main approaches commonly utilized for assessing the taxonomic and functional diversity of thermophiles through metagenomics, including several bioinformatics tools and some metagenome-derived methods to isolate their thermozymes.
对生活在温度高于50°C环境中的微生物群体（嗜热菌）已进行了广泛研究，这增加了我们对这些生态群落的组成和功能的了解。由于这些群体表达大量耐热酶（热酶），它们也是新型生物催化剂的重要来源，这些生物催化剂有可能用于工业过程。对来自某一环境的整个群落DNA进行的综合研究，即宏基因组学，再加上新一代测序（NGS）技术的发展，使得能够从嗜热菌中生成大量数据。在本综述中，我们总结了通常用于通过宏基因组学评估嗜热菌的分类和功能多样性的主要方法，包括几种生物信息学工具以及一些从宏基因组衍生而来的分离其热酶的方法。
