Bohl Mette, Bjørnshave Ann, Gregersen Søren, Hermansen Kjeld
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Rev Diabet Stud. 2016 Summer-Fall;13(2-3):148-157. doi: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.148. Epub 2016 Mar 14.
Low-grade inflammation is involved in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation can be modulated by dietary factors. Dairy products are rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), which are known to possess pro-inflammatory properties. However, different fatty acid compositions may exert different effects. Other components such as milk proteins may exert anti-inflammatory properties which may compensate for the potential negative effects of SFAs. Generally, the available data suggest a neutral role of dairy product consumption on inflammation.
To investigate the effects of, and potential interaction between, a dietary supplementation with whey protein and milk fat, naturally enriched in medium-chain SFA (MC-SFA), on inflammatory markers in abdominal obese adults.
The study was a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, intervention study. Sixty-three adults were equally allocated to one of four groups which received a supplement of either 60 g/day whey or 60 g/day casein plus 63 g/day milk fat either high or low in MC-SFA content. Fifty-two subjects completed the study. Before and after the intervention, changes in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), adiponectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Changes in inflammatory genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue were also documented.
There were no differences in circulating inflammatory markers between protein types or fatty acid compositions in abdominally obese subjects, with the exception of an increase in adiponectin in response to high compared to low MC-SFA consumption in women. We found that combined dairy proteins and MC-SFAs influenced inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue, while no effect was detected by dairy proteins or MC-SFA per se.
Whey protein compared with casein and MC-SFA-enriched milk fat did not alter circulating markers of low-grade inflammation in abdominally obese subjects, except for an increase in circulating adiponectin in response to high MC-SFA in abdominally obese women.
低度炎症参与糖尿病和心血管疾病（CVD）的发生发展。炎症可通过饮食因素进行调节。乳制品富含饱和脂肪酸（SFA），已知其具有促炎特性。然而，不同的脂肪酸组成可能会产生不同的影响。其他成分如乳蛋白可能具有抗炎特性，这可能会抵消饱和脂肪酸的潜在负面影响。一般来说，现有数据表明食用乳制品对炎症具有中性作用。
研究补充富含中链饱和脂肪酸（MC-SFA）的乳清蛋白和乳脂肪对腹部肥胖成年人炎症标志物的影响以及它们之间的潜在相互作用。
本研究为一项为期12周的随机双盲干预研究。63名成年人被平均分为四组，分别接受以下补充剂：每天60克乳清蛋白或60克酪蛋白加每天63克MC-SFA含量高或低的乳脂肪。52名受试者完成了研究。在干预前后，测量血浆白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1RA）、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）、脂联素和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的变化。还记录了皮下脂肪组织中炎症基因的变化。
在腹部肥胖受试者中，蛋白质类型或脂肪酸组成之间的循环炎症标志物没有差异，但女性中，与低MC-SFA摄入量相比，高MC-SFA摄入量会使脂联素增加。我们发现，乳蛋白和MC-SFA联合作用会影响脂肪组织中的炎症基因表达，而单独的乳蛋白或MC-SFA本身未检测到有此作用。
与酪蛋白和富含MC-SFA的乳脂肪相比，乳清蛋白不会改变腹部肥胖受试者低度炎症的循环标志物，但腹部肥胖女性中，高MC-SFA会使循环脂联素增加。
