Dunislawska Aleksandra, Slawinska Anna, Stadnicka Katarzyna, Bednarczyk Marek, Gulewicz Piotr, Jozefiak Damian, Siwek Maria
Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Poznań Science and Technology Park of the AMU Foundation, Poznan, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 3;12(1):e0168587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168587. eCollection 2017.
Synbiotics are synergistic combinations of prebiotics and probiotics. In chickens, synbiotics can be delivered in ovo to expedite colonization of the gut by beneficial bacteria. We therefore aimed to design synbiotics in vitro and validate them in broiler chickens upon in ovo delivery. The probiotic components of the synbiotics were Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus plantarum. Their growth was assessed in MRS medium supplemented with different prebiotics. Based on in vitro results (hatchability and growth curve), two synbiotics were designed: S1 -Lactobacillus salivarius with galactooligosaccarides (GOS) and S2 -Lactobacillus plantarum with raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). These synbiotics were delivered to Cobb broiler chicken embryos on day 12 of incubation at optimized doses (105 cfu egg-1 of probiotic, 2 mg egg-1 of prebiotic). Post hatching, 2,400 roosters were reared (600 individuals group-1 divided into eight replicate pens). Microbial communities were analyzed in ileal and cecal digesta on day 21 using FISH. Gene expression analysis (IL1β, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL12, IL18, IFNβ, and IFNγ) was performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 42 for the spleen and cecal tonsils with RT-qPCR. Body weight and feed intake of the roosters did not differ by the treatments. Microbial populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. in the ileum were higher in S1 and S2 than in the control. In the cecum, the control had the highest bacterial counts. S1 caused significant up-regulation of IL6, IL18, IL1β, IFNγ, and IFNβ in the spleen on day 21 and IL1β on day 7 (P < 0.05). In cecal tonsils, S1 caused significant down-regulation of IL12, IL8, and IL1β on day 42 and IFNβ on day 14 (P < 0.05). S2 did not elicit such patterns in any tissues investigated. Thus, we demonstrate that divergent effects of synbiotics in broiler chickens were reflected in in vitro tests.
合生元是益生元与益生菌的协同组合。在鸡中，合生元可在胚胎期进行注射，以加速有益菌在肠道内的定殖。因此，我们旨在体外设计合生元，并在胚胎期注射后在肉鸡中对其进行验证。合生元的益生菌成分是唾液乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌。在添加不同益生元的MRS培养基中评估它们的生长情况。根据体外实验结果（孵化率和生长曲线），设计了两种合生元：S1——唾液乳杆菌与低聚半乳糖（GOS）组合，以及S2——植物乳杆菌与棉子糖家族低聚糖（RFO）组合。在孵化第12天，以优化剂量（每枚鸡蛋105 cfu益生菌，每枚鸡蛋2 mg益生元）将这些合生元注射到科宝肉鸡胚胎中。孵化后，饲养2400只公鸡（每组600只，分为8个重复栏）。在第21天，使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）分析回肠和盲肠内容物中的微生物群落。在第7、14、21和42天，使用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）对脾脏和盲肠扁桃体进行基因表达分析（IL1β、IL4、IL6、IL8、IL12、IL18、IFNβ和IFNγ）。各处理组公鸡的体重和采食量没有差异。回肠中唾液乳杆菌属和肠球菌属的微生物数量在S1组和S2组中高于对照组。在盲肠中，对照组的细菌数量最高。S1导致第21天脾脏中IL6、IL18、IL1β、IFNγ和IFNβ以及第7天IL1β显著上调（P<0.05）。在盲肠扁桃体中，S1导致第42天IL12、IL8和IL1β以及第14天IFNβ显著下调（P<o.05）。S2在任何研究组织中均未引发此类模式。因此，我们证明了合生元在肉鸡中的不同作用在体外试验中得到了体现。
