Sznycer Daniel, Al-Shawaf Laith, Bereby-Meyer Yoella, Curry Oliver Scott, De Smet Delphine, Ermer Elsa, Kim Sangin, Kim Sunhwa, Li Norman P, Lopez Seal Maria Florencia, McClung Jennifer, O Jiaqing, Ohtsubo Yohsuke, Quillien Tadeg, Schaub Max, Sell Aaron, van Leeuwen Florian, Cosmides Leda, Tooby John
Center for Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660;
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Feb 21;114(8):1874-1879. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1614389114. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Pride occurs in every known culture, appears early in development, is reliably triggered by achievements and formidability, and causes a characteristic display that is recognized everywhere. Here, we evaluate the theory that pride evolved to guide decisions relevant to pursuing actions that enhance valuation and respect for a person in the minds of others. By hypothesis, pride is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition and behavior in the service of: () motivating the cost-effective pursuit of courses of action that would increase others' valuations and respect of the individual, () motivating the advertisement of acts or characteristics whose recognition by others would lead them to enhance their evaluations of the individual, and () mobilizing the individual to take advantage of the resulting enhanced social landscape. To modulate how much to invest in actions that might lead to enhanced evaluations by others, the pride system must forecast the magnitude of the evaluations the action would evoke in the audience and calibrate its activation proportionally. We tested this prediction in 16 countries across 4 continents ( = 2,085), for 25 acts and traits. As predicted, the pride intensity for a given act or trait closely tracks the valuations of audiences, local (mean = +0.82) and foreign (mean = +0.75). This relationship is specific to pride and does not generalize to other positive emotions that coactivate with pride but lack its audience-recalibrating function.
骄傲存在于每一种已知的文化中，在个体发展早期就会出现，能可靠地由成就和强大能力引发，并会引发一种在各地都能被识别的典型表现。在此，我们评估这样一种理论：骄傲的进化是为了引导与采取行动相关的决策，这些行动旨在提高他人心中对一个人的重视和尊重。根据假设，骄傲是一种经过选择而定制的神经计算程序，用于协调认知和行为，以服务于：（1）激励以具有成本效益的方式追求那些能增加他人对个体的重视和尊重的行动方案；（2）激励宣传那些他人对其认可会导致他们提高对个体评价的行为或特征；（3）促使个体利用由此带来的更好的社会环境。为了调节在可能导致他人评价提高的行动上的投入程度，骄傲系统必须预测该行动在受众中会引发的评价程度，并相应地校准其激活程度。我们在四大洲的16个国家（ = 2085）对25种行为和特质进行了这一预测的测试。正如预测的那样，对于给定的一种行为或特质，骄傲强度与受众的评价密切相关，无论是本地受众（平均 = +0.82）还是外国受众（平均 = +0.75）。这种关系是骄傲所特有的，并不适用于与骄傲共同激活但缺乏受众重新校准功能的其他积极情绪。
