Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
Nutrients. 2017 Aug 17;9(8):892. doi: 10.3390/nu9080892.
Information on familial resemblance is important for the design of effective family-based interventions. We aimed to quantify familial correlations and estimate the proportion of variation attributable to genetic and shared environmental effects (i.e., familiality) for dietary intake variables and determine whether they vary by generation, sex, dietary quality, or by the age of the children. The study sample consisted of 1435 families (1007 mothers, 438 fathers, 1035 daughters, and 1080 sons) from the multi-center I.Family study. Dietary intake was assessed in parents and their 2-19 years old children using repeated 24-h dietary recalls, from which the usual energy and food intakes were estimated with the U.S. National Cancer Institute Method. Food items were categorized as healthy or unhealthy based on their sugar, fat, and fiber content. Interclass and intraclass correlations were calculated for relative pairs. Familiality was estimated using variance component methods. Parent-offspring ( = 0.11-0.33), sibling ( = 0.21-0.43), and spouse ( = 0.15-0.33) correlations were modest. Parent-offspring correlations were stronger for the intake of healthy ( = 0.33) than unhealthy ( = 0.10) foods. Familiality estimates were 61% (95% CI: 54-68%) for the intake of fruit and vegetables and the sum of healthy foods and only 30% (95% CI: 23-38%) for the sum of unhealthy foods. Familial factors explained a larger proportion of the variance in healthy food intake (71%; 95% CI: 62-81%) in younger children below the age of 11 than in older children equal or above the age of 11 (48%; 95% CI: 38-58%). Factors shared by family members such as genetics and/or the shared home environment play a stronger role in shaping children's intake of healthy foods than unhealthy foods. This suggests that family-based interventions are likely to have greater effects when targeting healthy food choices and families with younger children, and that other sorts of intervention are needed to address the intake of unhealthy foods by children.
家族相似性信息对于设计有效的基于家庭的干预措施非常重要。我们旨在量化饮食摄入变量的家族相关性，并估计遗传和共同环境效应（即家族性）对其变异的比例，同时确定其是否因代际、性别、饮食质量或儿童年龄而异。该研究样本由来自多中心 I.Family 研究的 1435 个家庭（1007 名母亲、438 名父亲、1035 名女儿和 1080 名儿子）组成。使用重复的 24 小时饮食回忆法评估父母及其 2-19 岁子女的饮食摄入情况，使用美国国家癌症研究所方法估计常用的能量和食物摄入量。根据食物的糖、脂肪和纤维含量，将食物分为健康和不健康两类。相对对之间计算了组内相关系数和组内相关系数。使用方差分量法估计家族性。父母与子女（ = 0.11-0.33）、兄弟姐妹（ = 0.21-0.43）和配偶（ = 0.15-0.33）之间的相关性适中。与不健康食物（ = 0.10）相比，健康食物（ = 0.33）的父母与子女相关性更强。水果和蔬菜摄入量的家族性估计值为 61%（95%置信区间：54-68%），健康食物总和的家族性估计值为 30%（95%置信区间：23-38%），而不健康食物总和的家族性估计值为 30%（95%置信区间：23-38%）。在年龄小于 11 岁的儿童中，家族因素解释了健康食物摄入量差异的更大比例（71%；95%置信区间：62-81%），而在年龄等于或大于 11 岁的儿童中，家族因素解释了健康食物摄入量差异的较小比例（48%；95%置信区间：38-58%）。家庭成员共同拥有的遗传和/或共享家庭环境等因素在塑造儿童健康食物摄入方面比不健康食物摄入方面发挥更大的作用。这表明，针对健康食物选择和有年幼子女的家庭开展基于家庭的干预措施可能会产生更大的效果，而需要其他类型的干预措施来解决儿童对不健康食物的摄入问题。
