Dagli Adile Ferda, Sahin Nurhan, Bozdag Zehra, Ucer Ozlem, Akatli Ayse Nur, Artas Gokhan, Sahin İbrahim, Yardim Meltem, Dalkilic Semih, Akkoc Ramazan Fazil, Simsek Sercan, Aydin Suleyman
Department of Pathology, Firat University, Elazig 23190, Turkey.
Department of Pathology, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey.
Diagn Cytopathol. 2017 Nov;45(11):976-982. doi: 10.1002/dc.23803. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) is increasing in many communities. We investigated whether ST alters the cytological and cytomorphometric features of buccal mucosa cells.
Twenty male participants who had used Nicotiana rustica Linn.-containing ST (Maras powder) for at least 10 years, and 20 healthy male controls who did not use ST, were included in this study. After rinsing the mouth with water, samples were taken using a toothbrush from the buccal mucosa of subjects in both groups. Samples were gently spread over a glass slide. After applying a cytofixative spray, the Papanicolaou method was used to stain the slides. The presence of dysplasia, dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis was evaluated by light microscopy, as were the increment amount of candida, cocco-bacillus, and Leptotrichia buccalis. Cytomorphometric analysis was performed and at least 20 cells with well-defined borders were evaluated from each slide, and the cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), and nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio of the cells were analyzed using a 60× objective.
Other than the presence of dysplasia and candida, all measured cytological parameters were significantly higher in the ST users than in the non-ST users. Furthermore, CD was lower while nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was higher in the ST users than in those non-ST users.
Cytological changes associated with the use of ST, include dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, karyorrhexis, pyknosis together with increase in the bacterial population of cocco-bacillus and L. buccalis. There were no significant differences in patients with dysplasia in spite of reduction of CD, increased nuclear size and N/C ratio.
无烟烟草（ST）在许多社区的使用正在增加。我们调查了ST是否会改变颊黏膜细胞的细胞学和细胞形态计量学特征。
本研究纳入了20名使用含黄花烟草的ST（马拉斯粉）至少10年的男性参与者，以及20名不使用ST的健康男性对照。用水漱口后，两组受试者均使用牙刷从颊黏膜采集样本。将样本轻轻涂抹在载玻片上。喷洒细胞固定剂后，采用巴氏染色法对玻片进行染色。通过光学显微镜评估发育异常、角化不良、不全角化、过度角化、颗粒层增厚、核碎裂和核固缩的存在情况，以及念珠菌、球菌样杆菌和颊纤毛菌的增加量。进行细胞形态计量分析，从每张玻片上评估至少20个边界清晰的细胞，并使用60倍物镜分析细胞的细胞直径（CD）、核直径（ND）和核质比（N/C）。
除发育异常和念珠菌外，ST使用者的所有测量细胞学参数均显著高于非ST使用者。此外，ST使用者的CD较低，而核质比高于非ST使用者。
与使用ST相关的细胞学变化包括角化不良、不全角化、过度角化、颗粒层增厚、核碎裂、核固缩，以及球菌样杆菌和颊纤毛菌细菌数量的增加。尽管CD降低、核大小增加和N/C比增加，但发育异常患者之间无显著差异。
