School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Regent Street, Sheffield, UK.
Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Thurgauerstrasse 130, 8152, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland.
Pharmacoeconomics. 2017 Dec;35(Suppl 1):21-31. doi: 10.1007/s40273-017-0545-x.
Generic preference-based measures (GPBMs) of health are used to obtain the quality adjustment weight required to calculate the quality-adjusted life year in health economic models. GPBMs have been developed to use across different interventions and medical conditions and typically consist of a self-complete patient questionnaire, a health state classification system, and preference weights for all states defined by the classification system. Of the six main GPBMs, the three most frequently used are the Health Utilities Index version 3, the EuroQol 5 dimensions (3 and 5 levels), and the Short Form 6 dimensions. There are considerable differences in GPBMs in terms of the content and size of descriptive systems (i.e. the numbers of dimensions of health and levels of severity within these), the methods of valuation [e.g. time trade-off (TTO), standard gamble (SG)], and the populations (e.g. general population, patients) used to value the health states within the descriptive systems. Although GPBMs are anchored at 1 (full health) and 0 (dead), they produce different health state utility values when completed by the same patient. Considerations when selecting a measure for use in a clinical trial include practicality, reliability, validity and responsiveness. Requirements of reimbursement agencies may impose additional restrictions on suitable measures for use in economic evaluations, such as the valuation technique (TTO, SG) or the source of values (general public vs. patients).
通用偏好量表（GPBMs）用于获取健康经济模型中计算质量调整生命年所需的质量调整权重。GPBMs 旨在用于不同的干预措施和医疗条件，通常由患者自我完成的问卷、健康状态分类系统以及分类系统定义的所有状态的偏好权重组成。在六种主要的 GPBMs 中，使用最频繁的有三种，即健康效用指数第 3 版、欧洲五维健康量表（3 个和 5 个水平）和简短 6 维度量表。在描述性系统的内容和大小（即健康维度的数量和严重程度水平）、估值方法（例如时间权衡法、标准博弈法）以及用于对描述性系统中的健康状态进行估值的人群（例如普通人群、患者）方面，GPBMs 存在相当大的差异。尽管 GPBMs 以 1（完全健康）和 0（死亡）为基准，但同一患者完成时会产生不同的健康状态效用值。在选择用于临床试验的测量方法时，需要考虑实用性、可靠性、有效性和响应性。报销机构的要求可能会对经济评估中使用的合适测量方法施加额外的限制，例如估值技术（时间权衡法、标准博弈法）或价值来源（普通公众与患者）。
