Bojórquez-Quintal Emanuel, Escalante-Magaña Camilo, Echevarría-Machado Ileana, Martínez-Estévez Manuel
CONACYT-Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio, El Colegio de Michoacán, La Piedad, Mexico.
Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Oct 12;8:1767. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01767. eCollection 2017.
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but its availability depends on soil pH. Despite this abundance, Al is not considered an essential element and so far no experimental evidence has been put forward for a biological role. In plants and other organisms, Al can have a beneficial or toxic effect, depending on factors such as, metal concentration, the chemical form of Al, growth conditions and plant species. Here we review recent advances in the study of Al in plants at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, focusing mainly on the beneficial effect of Al in plants (stimulation of root growth, increased nutrient uptake, the increase in enzyme activity, and others). In addition, we discuss the possible mechanisms involved in improving the growth of plants cultivated in soils with acid pH, as well as mechanisms of tolerance to the toxic effect of Al.
铝（Al）是地壳中含量最丰富的金属，但其有效性取决于土壤pH值。尽管铝含量丰富，但它不被视为必需元素，迄今为止也没有实验证据表明其具有生物学作用。在植物和其他生物体中，铝可能产生有益或有害的影响，这取决于金属浓度、铝的化学形态、生长条件和植物种类等因素。在这里，我们综述了植物铝研究在生理、生化和分子水平上的最新进展，主要关注铝对植物的有益作用（刺激根系生长、增加养分吸收、提高酶活性等）。此外，我们还讨论了在酸性pH土壤中种植的植物生长改善可能涉及的机制，以及对铝毒性作用的耐受机制。
