Institute of Plant Science - Paris-Saclay, INRA, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Trends Plant Sci. 2018 Jan;23(1):42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
The crop selection process has created a genetic bottleneck ultimately restricting breeding output. Wild relatives of major crops as well as the so-called 'neglected plant' species represent a reservoir of genetic diversity that remains underutilized. These species could be used as a tool to discover new alleles of agronomic interest or could be the target of breeding programs. Targeted induced local lesions in the genome (TILLING) can be used to translate in neglected crops what has been discovered in major crops and reciprocally. However, random mutagenesis, used in TILLING approaches, provides only a limited density of mutational events at a defined target locus. Alternatively, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated 9 (Cas9) fused to a cytidine deaminase could serve as a localized mutagenic agent to produce high-density mutant populations. Artificial evolution is at hand.
作物选择过程造成了遗传瓶颈，最终限制了繁殖产量。主要作物的野生亲缘种以及所谓的“被忽视的植物”物种，代表了遗传多样性的储备，这些多样性仍然未被充分利用。这些物种可以用作发现具有农业重要性的新等位基因的工具，也可以成为育种计划的目标。靶向诱导基因组局部突变（TILLING）可以用于在被忽视的作物中转化主要作物中发现的东西，反之亦然。然而，在 TILLING 方法中使用的随机诱变仅在定义的靶标基因座处提供有限密度的突变事件。或者，可以将与富含胞嘧啶的 DNA 结合域的 Cas9 融合在一起的成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）相关 9（Cas9）用作局部诱变剂，以产生高密度的突变体群体。人工进化已经到来。
