Deng Fengyan, Magee Nancy, Zhang Yuxia
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Liver Res. 2017 Sep;1(3):147-155. doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Cell-to-cell communication is a fascinating process that is essential for maintaining tissue and whole-body homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound nanoparticles that are a means of communication between cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs can render either beneficial or harmful outcomes, depending on the specific cargos (e.g. proteins, lipids, RNAs) transferred between cells. EVs also have great value as diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease because they are present in a variety of biological fluids and carry bioactive molecules from their cells or tissues of origin. Liver cells can both release and receive EVs derived from other cells and emerging evidence indicates that liver EVs play important roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, including liver cancer, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and secretion of EVs and summarizes the most recent advances in understanding the role of EVs in liver physiology and diseases. Additionally, we discuss potential applications of liver EVs as biomarkers and in therapeutic approaches to treat liver diseases.
细胞间通讯是一个迷人的过程，对于维持组织和全身的稳态至关重要。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是源自细胞的膜结合纳米颗粒，是细胞间通讯的一种方式。越来越多的证据表明，取决于细胞间转移的特定货物（如蛋白质、脂质、RNA），细胞外囊泡可以产生有益或有害的结果。细胞外囊泡作为疾病的诊断和预后标志物也具有巨大价值，因为它们存在于多种生物体液中，并携带来自其起源细胞或组织的生物活性分子。肝细胞既能释放也能接收源自其他细胞的细胞外囊泡，新出现的证据表明，肝脏细胞外囊泡在包括肝癌、病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和酒精性肝病在内的各种肝脏疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用。本综述概述了细胞外囊泡的生物发生和分泌，并总结了在理解细胞外囊泡在肝脏生理学和疾病中的作用方面的最新进展。此外，我们讨论了肝脏细胞外囊泡作为生物标志物的潜在应用以及在治疗肝脏疾病的治疗方法中的应用。
