Department of Microbiology and Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Center for Health Alerts and Emergencies Coordination, Ministry of Health and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Mar;6(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MTBP-0003-2016.
The 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa has been the largest ever of a known disease in a new context that produced an unprecedented impact and is changing the international approach to responding to public health emergencies. The unprecedented scale of the outbreak, the use of advanced technology for detecting and characterizing the infectious agent, along with the opportunity to treat patients in modern facilities have greatly increased our knowledge of the disease and its transmission. Also, for the first time, an important international effort has been deployed to control the spread of the epidemic by providing care to patients and by adopting basic measures of public health control. Apart from supportive treatment and intensive therapy with fluids and electrolytes, no new compounds have been proved to be clinically effective to treat Ebola virus disease; however, a specific vaccine has shown significant protection in clinical trials in Guinea, opening an expectation for controlling future outbreaks.
2013 年至 2016 年期间在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情是在新环境中出现的已知疾病中规模最大的一次，其产生了前所未有的影响，正在改变国际社会应对突发公共卫生事件的方式。疫情规模空前，利用先进技术检测和描述病原体，以及在现代化设施中治疗患者的机会，极大地增加了我们对该疾病及其传播方式的了解。此外，这也是首次开展重要的国际努力，通过为患者提供护理和采取基本的公共卫生控制措施来控制疫情的传播。除了支持性治疗和使用液体和电解质的强化疗法外，没有新的化合物被证明对治疗埃博拉病毒病具有临床疗效；然而，一种特定的疫苗在几内亚的临床试验中显示出了显著的保护作用，为控制未来的疫情爆发带来了希望。
