School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jul 4;18(1):833. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5768-z.
Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, some cancers, musculoskeletal disorders and premature mortality. Workplaces contribute to a large proportion of daily sitting time, particularly among office-based workers. Interventions to reduce workplace sitting therefore represent important public health initiatives. Previous systematic reviews suggest such interventions can be effective but have reported wide variations. Further, there is uncertainty as to whether effectiveness in controlled trials can be replicated when implemented outside the research setting. The aims of this review are to identify factors important for the implementation of workplace sitting interventions and to translate these findings into a useful operational framework to support the future implementation of such interventions.
A qualitative systematic review was conducted. Four health and social science databases were searched for studies set in the workplace, with office-based employees and with the primary aim of reducing workplace sitting. Extracted data were primarily from author descriptions of interventions and their implementation. Inductive thematic analysis and synthesis was undertaken.
Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine descriptive themes were identified from which emerged three higher-order analytical themes, which related to the development, implementation and evaluation of workplace sitting interventions. Key findings included: the importance of grounding interventions in theory; utilising participative approaches during intervention development and implementation; and conducting comprehensive process and outcome evaluations. There was a general under-reporting of information relating to the context within which workplace sitting interventions were implemented, such as details of local organisation processes and structures, as well as the wider political and economic landscape, which if present would aid the translation of knowledge into "real-world" settings.
These findings provided the basis for an operational framework, which is a representation of all nine descriptive themes and three higher-order analytical themes, to support workplace sitting intervention development, implementation and evaluation. Once tested and refined, this framework has the potential to be incorporated into a practical toolkit, which could be used by a range of organisations to develop, implement and evaluate their own interventions to reduce workplace sitting time amongst staff.
长时间坐着与心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、某些癌症、肌肉骨骼疾病和早逝的风险增加有关。工作场所是人们日常久坐时间的主要来源，尤其是对于那些在办公室工作的人。因此，减少工作场所久坐的干预措施代表了重要的公共卫生举措。先前的系统评价表明，此类干预措施可能有效，但报告显示其效果差异很大。此外，对于在研究环境之外实施的干预措施，其在对照试验中的有效性是否可以复制，还存在不确定性。本综述的目的是确定实施工作场所久坐干预措施的重要因素，并将这些发现转化为有用的操作框架，以支持此类干预措施的未来实施。
进行了定性系统评价。在四个健康和社会科学数据库中搜索了在工作场所进行的、以办公室工作人员为主要对象且旨在减少工作场所久坐的研究。提取的数据主要来自作者对干预措施及其实施情况的描述。采用归纳主题分析和综合。
符合纳入标准的研究有 40 项。从这些研究中确定了 9 个描述性主题，从中出现了与工作场所久坐干预措施的制定、实施和评估相关的三个更高层次的分析主题。主要发现包括：将干预措施根植于理论的重要性；在干预措施的制定和实施过程中采用参与式方法；以及进行全面的过程和结果评估。对于与工作场所久坐干预措施实施背景相关的信息，如当地组织流程和结构以及更广泛的政治和经济背景的细节，通常报告得不够详细，如果存在这些信息，将有助于将知识转化为“现实世界”的环境。
这些发现为一个操作框架提供了基础，该框架代表了所有 9 个描述性主题和 3 个更高层次的分析主题，以支持工作场所久坐干预措施的制定、实施和评估。一旦经过测试和完善，该框架有可能被纳入一个实用工具包中，供各种组织用于开发、实施和评估自己的干预措施，以减少员工的工作场所久坐时间。
