Casanellas Ignasi, García-Lizarribar Andrea, Lagunas Anna, Samitier Josep
Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018 Sep 20;6:128. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00128. eCollection 2018.
The human musculoskeletal system is comprised mainly of connective tissues such as cartilage, tendon, ligaments, skeletal muscle, and skeletal bone. These tissues support the structure of the body, hold and protect the organs, and are responsible of movement. Since it is subjected to continuous strain, the musculoskeletal system is prone to injury by excessive loading forces or aging, whereas currently available treatments are usually invasive and not always effective. Most of the musculoskeletal injuries require surgical intervention facing a limited post-surgery tissue regeneration, especially for widespread lesions. Therefore, many tissue engineering approaches have been developed tackling musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Materials are designed to meet the chemical and mechanical requirements of the native tissue three-dimensional (3D) environment, thus facilitating implant integration while providing a good reabsorption rate. With biological systems operating at the nanoscale, nanoengineered materials have been developed to support and promote regeneration at the interprotein communication level. Such materials call for a great precision and architectural control in the production process fostering the development of new fabrication techniques. In this mini review, we would like to summarize the most recent advances in 3D nanoengineered biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, with especial emphasis on the different techniques used to produce them.
人类肌肉骨骼系统主要由结缔组织组成，如软骨、肌腱、韧带、骨骼肌和骨骼。这些组织支撑身体结构，容纳并保护器官，还负责身体运动。由于该系统持续承受压力，因此容易因过度负荷力或衰老而受伤，而目前可用的治疗方法通常具有侵入性且并非总是有效。大多数肌肉骨骼损伤需要手术干预，但术后组织再生有限，尤其是对于广泛的损伤。因此，已经开发了许多组织工程方法来解决肌肉骨骼组织再生问题。材料的设计旨在满足天然组织三维（3D）环境的化学和机械要求，从而促进植入物整合，同时提供良好的再吸收速率。随着生物系统在纳米尺度上运行，已经开发出纳米工程材料来在蛋白质间通讯水平上支持和促进再生。这类材料在生产过程中需要极高的精度和结构控制，这推动了新制造技术的发展。在这篇小型综述中，我们将总结用于肌肉骨骼组织再生的3D纳米工程生物材料的最新进展，特别强调用于生产它们的不同技术。
