Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Hum Reprod Update. 2019 May 1;25(3):326-343. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmy046.
Initially identified as suppressors of metastasis in various types of cancer, kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are key regulators of the mammalian reproductive axis. Accumulating evidence has shown that kisspeptin is able to control both the pulsatile and surge GnRH release, playing fundamental roles in female reproduction, which include the secretion of gonadotropins, puberty onset, brain sex differentiation, ovulation and the metabolic regulation of fertility. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the kisspeptin system in the processes of implantation and placentation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiological role and utility of these local placental regulatory factors as potential biomarkers during the early human gestation.
A successful pregnancy, from the initiation of embryo implantation to parturition, is a complex process that requires the orchestration of a series of events. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about the role of the kisspeptin system in implantation, placentation, early human pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders, and to develop strategies for predicting, diagnosing and treating these abnormalities.
Using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we performed comprehensive literature searches in the English language describing the advancement of kisspeptins and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) in implantation, placentation and early pregnancy in humans, since its initial identification in 1996 and ending in July 2018.
Recent studies have shown the coordinated spatial and temporal expression patterns of kisspeptins and KISS1R during human pregnancy. The experimental data gathered recently suggest putative roles of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of trophoblast invasion, embryo implantation, placentation and early pregnancy. Dysregulation of the kisspeptin system may negatively affect the processes of implantation as well as placentation. Clinical studies indicate that the circulating levels of kisspeptins or the expression levels of kisspeptin/KISS1R in the placental tissues may be used as potential diagnostic markers for women with miscarriage and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Comprehensive research on the pathophysiological role of the kisspeptin/KISS1R system in implantation and placentation will provide a dynamic and powerful approach to understanding the processes of early pregnancy, with potential applications in observational and analytic screening as well as the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of implantation failure and early pregnancy-related disorders.
最初被鉴定为各种类型癌症转移抑制剂的 kisspeptin 是一种神经肽家族，是哺乳动物生殖轴的关键调节因子。越来越多的证据表明，kisspeptin 能够控制 GnRH 的脉冲式和爆发式释放，在女性生殖中发挥着重要作用，包括促性腺激素的分泌、青春期开始、大脑性别分化、排卵和生育的代谢调节。此外，最近的研究表明 kisspeptin 系统参与了着床和胎盘形成过程。本综述总结了这些局部胎盘调节因子的生理病理作用及其作为人类早期妊娠潜在生物标志物的应用。
从胚胎着床到分娩，成功的妊娠是一个复杂的过程，需要一系列事件的协调。本综述旨在简要总结 kisspeptin 系统在着床、胎盘形成、人类早期妊娠和妊娠相关疾病中的作用，并制定预测、诊断和治疗这些异常的策略。
使用 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库，我们以英文描述了 1996 年 kisspeptin 及其受体（KISS1R）在人类着床、胎盘形成和早期妊娠中的最初鉴定以来的研究进展，进行了全面的文献检索，检索截止日期为 2018 年 7 月。
最近的研究表明，在人类妊娠期间 kisspeptin 和 KISS1R 具有协调的时空表达模式。最近的实验数据表明，kisspeptin 信号在调节滋养细胞侵袭、胚胎着床、胎盘形成和早期妊娠中具有假定作用。kisspeptin 系统的失调可能会对着床和胎盘形成过程产生负面影响。临床研究表明，循环 kisspeptin 水平或胎盘组织中 kisspeptin/KISS1R 的表达水平可作为流产和妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤妇女的潜在诊断标志物。
对 kisspeptin/KISS1R 系统在着床和胎盘形成中的生理病理作用的综合研究将为理解早期妊娠过程提供一个动态而强大的方法，在观察性和分析性筛查以及着床失败和妊娠相关疾病的诊断、预后和治疗方面具有潜在应用。
