College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 21;20(4):943. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040943.
Wood vinegar (WV) or pyroligneous acid (PA) is a reddish-brown liquid created during the dry distillation of biomass, a process called pyrolysis. WV contains important biologically active components, which can enhance plant growth and tolerance to drought stress. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Our results after presoaking wheat seeds with various concentrations of WV indicate that a 1:900 WV concentration can significantly enhance growth. To investigate the response of wheat roots to drought stress, we compared quantitative proteomic profiles in the roots of wheat plants grown from seeds either presoaked (treatment) or non-presoaked (control) with WV. Our results indicated that the abscisic acid (ABA) content of wheat roots in the WV treatment was significantly increased. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels roots were significantly lower than in the control treatment under drought stress, while the activity of major antioxidant enzymes was significantly increased. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) identified 138 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 103 unique protein species responding to drought stress in wheat roots of the control and WV-treated groups. These DAPs are mostly involved in the stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Proteome profiles showed the DAPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response, and secondary metabolism had increased accumulation in roots of the WV-treated groups. These findings suggest that the roots from wheat seeds presoaked with WV can initiate an early defense mechanism to mitigate drought stress. These results provide an explanation of how WV enhances the tolerance of wheat plants to drought stress.
木醋液（WV）或木醋酸（PA）是在生物质干馏过程中产生的一种红棕色液体，这个过程被称为热解。WV 含有重要的生物活性成分，可促进植物生长并提高其对干旱胁迫的耐受性。然而，其作用机制尚不清楚。我们用不同浓度的 WV 浸泡小麦种子后的结果表明，1:900 的 WV 浓度可以显著促进生长。为了研究小麦根系对干旱胁迫的响应，我们比较了用 WV 浸泡（处理）或未浸泡（对照）的小麦种子生长的小麦根系的定量蛋白质组图谱。结果表明，WV 处理的小麦根中的脱落酸（ABA）含量显著增加。在干旱胁迫下，ROS 和丙二醛（MDA）水平明显低于对照处理，而主要抗氧化酶的活性显著增加。二维电泳（2D-PAGE）鉴定出 138 个差异积累蛋白（DAP）斑点，代表对照组和 WV 处理组小麦根系对干旱胁迫的 103 种独特蛋白质的响应。这些 DAP 主要参与胁迫响应、碳水化合物代谢、蛋白质代谢和次生代谢。蛋白质组图谱显示，参与碳水化合物代谢、应激响应和次生代谢的 DAP 在 WV 处理组的根系中积累增加。这些发现表明，用 WV 浸泡的小麦种子的根可以启动早期防御机制来减轻干旱胁迫。这些结果解释了 WV 如何增强小麦植株对干旱胁迫的耐受性。
