911 接线员基于网络的正念干预中的参与者参与度及观点：多方法研究
Participant Engagement in and Perspectives on a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention for 9-1-1 Telecommunicators: Multimethod Study.
作者信息
Kerr Darragh C, Ornelas India J, Lilly Michelle M, Calhoun Rebecca, Meischke Hendrika
机构信息
Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States.
出版信息
J Med Internet Res. 2019 Jun 19;21(6):e13449. doi: 10.2196/13449.
BACKGROUND
Demanding working conditions and secondary exposure to trauma may contribute to a high burden of stress among 9-1-1 telecommunicators, decreasing their ability to work effectively and efficiently. Web-based mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can be effective in reducing stress in similar populations. However, low engagement may limit the effectiveness of the intervention.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess participant engagement in a Web-based MBI designed for 9-1-1 telecommunicators. Specifically, we sought to describe the following: (1) participant characteristics associated with intervention engagement, (2) participant perspectives on engaging with the intervention, and (3) perceived challenges and facilitators to engaging.
METHODS
We used qualitative and quantitative data from participant surveys (n=149) that were collected to assess the efficacy of the intervention. We conducted descriptive and bivariate analyses to identify associations between demographic, psychosocial, and workplace characteristics and engagement. We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative survey responses to describe participant experiences with the MBI.
RESULTS
We found that no individual participant characteristics were associated with the level of engagement (low vs high number of lessons completed). Participant engagement did vary by the call center (P<.001). We identified the following overarching qualitative themes: (1) the participants perceived benefits of mindfulness practice, (2) the participants perceived challenges to engage with mindfulness and the intervention, and (3) intervention components that facilitated engagement. The participants expressed positive beliefs in the perceived benefits of practicing mindfulness, including increased self-efficacy in coping with stressors and increased empathy with callers. The most commonly cited barriers were work-related, particularly not having time to participate in the intervention at work. Facilitators included shorter meditation practices and the availability of multiple formats and types of intervention content.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that efforts to improve intervention engagement should focus on organizational-level factors rather than individual participant characteristics. Future research should explore the effect of mindfulness practice on the efficiency and effectiveness of 9-1-1 telecommunicators at work.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961621; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961621.
背景
苛刻的工作条件以及二次创伤暴露可能导致911紧急救援调度员承受沉重的压力负担，降低他们有效且高效工作的能力。基于网络的正念减压干预（MBIs）对减轻类似人群的压力可能有效。然而，参与度低可能会限制干预的效果。
目的
本研究旨在评估为911紧急救援调度员设计的基于网络的正念减压干预中参与者的参与度。具体而言，我们试图描述以下内容：（1）与干预参与度相关的参与者特征，（2）参与者对参与干预的看法，以及（3）参与的感知挑战和促进因素。
方法
我们使用了来自参与者调查（n = 149）的定性和定量数据，这些数据是为评估干预效果而收集的。我们进行了描述性和双变量分析，以确定人口统计学、心理社会和工作场所特征与参与度之间的关联。我们对定性调查回复进行了主题分析，以描述参与者对正念减压干预的体验。
结果
我们发现，没有个体参与者特征与参与程度（完成课程数量少与多）相关。参与者的参与度因呼叫中心而异（P <.001）。我们确定了以下总体定性主题：（1）参与者认为正念练习有益，（2）参与者认为参与正念及干预存在挑战，（3）促进参与的干预组成部分。参与者对正念练习的感知益处表达了积极信念，包括应对压力源时自我效能感增强以及对来电者的同理心增强。最常提到的障碍与工作相关，特别是没有时间在工作中参与干预。促进因素包括较短的冥想练习以及多种形式和类型的干预内容的可用性。
结论
本研究结果表明，提高干预参与度的努力应侧重于组织层面因素，而非个体参与者特征。未来的研究应探讨正念练习对911紧急救援调度员工作效率和效能的影响。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961621；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961621 。
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